2012年11月28日 星期三

日本對軟體專利的態度

根據日本專利局作出的軟體專利的審查基準,可以看出日本專利局(或法院)對軟體專利的態度,首先,先將軟體相關發明(Software Related Inventions)分為兩類:

(1) Process category(流程)軟體相關發明可以一序列時間相關的流程與運作(in a sequence of processes or operations connected in time series),通常以方法請求項表示;
(2) Product category(產品)當軟體相關發明以多功能的組合(a combination of multiple functions)表示時,該發明可以功能描述的產品表示(product invention by specifying those functions)。

此類程式可以以下幾種方式提出專利範圍:

(a) 記載程式的電腦可讀取儲存媒體,此為一種產品發明,儲存媒體內記載了特定型式的資料結構(structured data),特別是其中程式是可以電腦所執行;

文中提出幾個寫作範例(英文):
範例一(以程序為主):
A computer-readable storage medium having a program recorded thereon;
where the program make the computer execute procedure A, procedure B, procedure C,

範例二(手段用語):
A computer-readable storage medium having a program recorded thereon;
where the program make the computer operate means A, means B, means C, ...
範例三(功能用語):
A computer-readable storage medium having a program recorded thereon;
where the program is to provide function A, function B, function C...
範例四(直接界定資料的內容):
A computer-readable storage medium having structured data recorded thereon;
where the structured data comprises portion A, portion B, portion C, ...


(b) 不一定要用儲存媒體作為載體,可直接界定以電腦執行多種功能的程式,此同樣視為產品發明:


範例五:
A program which makes the computer execute procedure A, procedure B, procedure C, ...
範例六:
A program which make the computer operate means A, means B, means C, …
範例七:
A program which make the computer realize function A, function B, function C, …


列舉幾個不符規定的請求範圍寫法:
範例一:
An order-receiving method using a computer to execute a step to accept a commodity order from a customer, a step to check the inventory of the ordered commodity, and a step to respond the customer if the commodity can be delivered or not depending on the inventory condition.
此例以使用電腦的指令接收方法("using a computer" ...)作為專利標的,但其中"using a computer"會被認為是計算工具,且會被視為是人類的操作(human operation)
,而其中的判斷"if"的寫法會被認為有不清楚的描述,因此不符軟體專利的規定。

範例二:
A computer to solve a puzzle using the right-brain inference rule. (The right-brain inference rule is not defined in the description of the invention.)
此例中,明顯提到"right-brain inference rule"並非界定在發明說明中,也非一般知悉的技術,引此發明無法讓人據以實施,當有特定物品界定發明係以另一物品所界定的發明,其中非有技術連結時,發明不明確。

範例三:
A compiler apparatus comprising a means to perform lexical analysis at a high speed and a means to perform syntax analysis, where the both means are enabled to run in parallel.
此例中,雖專利標的為明確的compiler apparatus,但內文提到high speed為模糊的比較用語,會致使發明範圍不明確。


後記,根據審查基準的註記,只要不是直接顯示程式本身,日本專利局對於軟體專利是採較寬廣的態度,

Ron
資料參考:http://www.sipo.gov.cn/dtxx/gw/2002/200804/t20080401_351305.html

沒有留言: