2014年7月21日 星期一

IPR/CBM可以延遲法院決定 - VirtualAgility v. Salesforce案例討論

IPR/CBM可以延遲法院決定 - VirtualAgility v. Salesforce案例討論

美國改革法(AIA)實施之後,除了基本先發明主義的變革外,實務上重要的是提出幾項專利性異議制度,常見的有IPR、PGR、CBM等,一些參考:
http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2014/03/blog-post_26.html
http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2012/10/aia.html

而這些新的異議制度因為多半是針對訴訟而來,提供訴訟前、訴訟進行中訴訟雙方可以攻防或是確認專利性的程序,期待降低智慧局與法院對於專利性認定不一的困擾,案件的判決也可能會將這些異議結果列入參考,或是考驗法官會給多少餘裕(leeway)給美國專利局決定其專利性,其實提出異議的時間點很重要。

當我們還在猶豫是否花個幾十萬的IPR/PGR/CBM就會影響法院判決時,美國地方法院或是聯邦法院也給了一些看法,比如本案。

CAFC案例討論:
VirtualAgility Inc., v. Salesforce.com, Dell, Dr. Pepper, et al. (Fed. Cir. 2014)

專利權人VirtualAgility於2013年1月在東德州地方法院對Salesforce.com, Dell等提出侵權告訴,系爭專利為US8,095,413,在被告好幾個月之後,Salesforce.com提出CBM請願,認為系爭專利不符101, 102, 103等專利法規定,同年11月PTAB作出部份同意CBM請願以及部份重審的決定,並將於今年7月作出最後決定。

訴訟期間,其實地方法院已經知道PTAB已經開始審理CBM程序,不過並未停下等待PTAB的決定,且將繼續審理直到作出法院決定。

系爭專利US8,095,413揭露一種資訊管理技術,請求項揭示人員的協同活動的資訊管理系統,藉此可以瞭解某個群組內人員的特質,如同其他類似商業或資訊活動的專利範圍,期待將資訊表達的技術與電腦系統連結後可以取得專利,避免101法條的阻礙,這個企圖在前言部份表現無遺。

1. A system for supporting management of a collaborative activity by persons involved therein, the persons not being specialists in information technology, the system being implemented using a processor and a storage device accessible to the processor, and the system comprising:
a representation of a model of the collaborative activity in the storage device, the model of the collaborative activity including model entities, the model entities providing access to information concerning the collaborative activity, being organized into a plurality of hierarchies having a plurality of types, and a given model entity being capable of simultaneously belonging to a hierarchy having one of the types and a hierarchy having another of the types; and
said processor being configured to provide a graphical user interface to a person of the persons for providing outputs to the person and responding to inputs from the person by performing operations on a model entity as limited by a type of access which the person has to the model entity, the operations including controlling access to the model entity, creating, modifying, and/or deleting the model entity, assigning the model entity to a location in a hierarchy, accessing and/or modifying the information concerning the collaborative activity via the model entity, viewing model entities as ordered by a hierarchy to which the entities belong, and viewing model entities as ordered by a value in the information concerning the collaborative activity to which the entities give access.

當地院拒絕等待CBM決定時,Salesforce.com在地院尚未作出決定時先上訴此議題到CAFC,CAFC命令東德州地院停下審查而等待PTAB決定,並提供法規給地院判斷是否要等待異議程序完成後再做決定的判斷依據:


  • (A)是否等待PTAB決定會簡化問題以及加快訴訟?(加速行政司法合作)
  • (B)是否地院的探索程序已經完成,以及是否已經完成訴訟決定?(如果地院已經完成審查,自然不會理會PTAB決定)
  • (C)是否PTAB的決定會不當損害非訴願方,或是對訴願方有清楚的策略優勢?(希望平衡利害關係)
  • (D)是否等待PTAB決定會降低各方訴訟與地院的負擔(避免司法浪費)
決定:

CAFC決定中有大篇論及上述四點,因此參考價值頗高。


CAFC原文:http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/images/stories/opinions-orders/14-1232.Opinion.7-8-2014.1.PDF
http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/14-1232.Opinion.7-8-2014.1.PDF
(link updated on Dec. 25, 2015)

資料參考:Patently-O, CAFC

Ron

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