2015年8月25日 星期二

沙烏地阿拉伯專利 - 用專利學地理

Saudi Arabia(沙烏地阿拉伯)

沙烏地阿拉伯王國(阿拉伯文:المملكة العربية السعودية‎;英文:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)為政教合一的國家,君主制度,是阿拉伯半島上面積最大的國家,擁有阿拉伯半島80%的領土,面積約2,217,949平方公里,一半是沙漠,只有1%面積適合耕種。

(圖案來源:Wikipedia)

國旗:

國徽:
Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia.svg


沙烏地阿拉伯專利局隸屬其商業與工業局,網站:http://mci.gov.sa/Pages/default.aspx
(編按:這網站的風格與這個國家給人的印象不符)

從其商標法(專利法沒有)的首條可見他們對阿拉以及國王的敬重:
WITH THE HELP OF ALMIGHTY ALLAH, 
IN THE NAME OF THE CUSTODIAN OF THE TWO HOLY MOSQUES, KING FAHD IBN ABDULAZIZ AL-SAUD, 
WE, ABDULLAH IBN ABDULAZIZ AL-SAUD, VICE KING OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA.

專利、積體電路、植物、設計等法條有個因為陌生的神秘感:

一些摘錄內容:
智慧財產保護標的:發明、積體電路佈局、植物與工業設計。
Subject matter of protection: Either an invention, a layout design of integrated circuits, a plant variety or an industrial design.

各標的定義:
發明:在科技中解決特定問題所發展的思想。
Invention: An idea developed by the inventor that results in a solution of a certain problem in the field of technology.
積體電路:材料、電子功能整合的連結形式,最終或是過渡的元件。
Integrated circuit: A product in its final or intermediate form in which the elements, at least one of which is active, and some or all of the interconnections are integrally formed in or on a piece of material, and the purpose of this is to perform an electronic function.
積體電路佈局設計:積體電路的連接、立體佈局的整合電路。
Layout design: Three dimensional disposition of the elements – at least one of which is active - and of some or all of the interconnections of an integrated circuit, or such a three dimensional disposition prepared for an integrated circuit intended for manufacture.
植物與新品種培育:
Plant variety: A plant grouping within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank which, irrespective of whether the conditions for the grant of a breeders right are fully met, can be defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or a combination of genotypes distinguished from any other plant grouping, by the expression of at least one of the said characteristics, and considered as units with regard to its suitability for being propagated without change.
Plant breeder: The person who breeds, discovers or develops a new plant variety.
Industrial design: A composition of two-dimensional lines or colors, or any three dimensional shape that gives an industrial product, or a product of traditional crafts, a special appearance provided that this is not only for functional or technical purpose including textile designs.

WIPO統計資料:
各類智慧財產申請狀況,到了這幾年有些爆發,2013年達3000多件,多數為專利申請案。
專利申請案多數為國際案進入,顯然是PCT指定進入,特別是自己人有一定的貢獻。
專利申請案主要技術領域前幾名都是化學、材料與生物類。
專利核准案在2006年有個大清倉,之後沈寂(可能是沒資料),最近又有,多數還是外國人。
商標申請案,沒有看到本國人,都是國際進入。
連帶商標登錄也都是外國進入,這幾年量有增加趨勢(這是wipo統計,顯然跟PCT進入比較有關)
設計申請案,本國人不少耶!

其他:
從其商業與工業局網站列出的多個法規中,見到「抵制以色列法案("Israel Boycott Rule")」,可見這兩個民族的仇恨有多深!

my two cents:
雖從統計來看,沙烏地阿拉伯並沒有出色的表現,但從來沒有人敢說可以忽略這些中東國家的國力,反過來看到我們,雖然把專利玩得好像有那麼一回事(其實又只是就剩下那麼一回事),卻不表示國力如何強大,反而是因為對這個制度的認真,認真就輸了!

資料來源:WIPO、Wikipedia

Ron

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