2018年5月23日 星期三

美國臨時案與優先權討論 - 筆記

網友"黃先生 (Huang Ching-Wen)"在「蘋果擅(善)用Provisional申請案的專利布局」文後留下一個問題:

您好, 請問如果申請的provisional patent為一個系統(產品),內容敘述與部件包含ABCD,若提出申請後,發現B已經有公開論文發表,這份provisional patent 未來是否無法就ACD轉為正式專利? 是否建議應該將ABCD分開寫成provisional patent ,較能保障權益? 謝謝您!

[+] 我的簡單回答是,一個發明"通常是"多個技術的組合,而且常常是「多個習知技術的組合」,習知技術是「申請前(臨時案、正式案有效申請日)已公開的各種資訊」。這個問題中提到其中一個元件(B)已有公開文獻,這樣並不會影響「A+B+C+D」組合後發明的新穎性

「A、B、C、D」即便可以組合成多個發明(A+B或B+C或B+C+D...),都可以用一個臨時申請案(provisional application)提出申請,不用分開申請

[+] 我用有限的知識的複雜回答是,臨時申請案(provisional application),有人稱"草案",已知美國、澳洲、新加坡有此制度,如果在沒有這個制度的國家(專利局),等效的方案是「國內優先權」。這是「正式專利申請案」前「取得較早申請日/優先權日」的方案,臨時申請案申請後「一年內」必須決定:

(1)轉正式案(前提是臨時案內容夠完整);或
(2)引用優先權後提出正式申請案。

否則將「自始不存在」,內容不會被公開(提出對應正式案後,臨時申請案會被看到)。

臨時申請案一般運用是作為「正式申請案」的優先權基礎案,目的是:

(1)利用「臨時申請案」建立「有效申請日」,可以在「整個發明尚未有方向時」取得時間上優勢;
(2)「臨時申請案」不用英文,在初期可省翻譯費,如果評估不申請正式案,剛好也省了翻譯費用,但如果有正式案時還是要補翻譯;
(3)利用「臨時申請案」取得較早申請日,有一年時間提出後續正式案,這段時間可以是「觀察期」,如果已有產品,可視產品是否成功決定是否提出「正式申請案」;
(4)如果發明是分階段達成,可以在一個階段完成時利用「第一件臨時申請案(特徵A)」取得「申請日」,下一階段完成後再提出「第二件臨時申請案(特徵B)」、...「第n件臨時申請案(特徵C)」,最後提出一或多件「正式申請案(特徵A+B+...C)」,正式申請案主張「申請前"一年內"的多件臨時申請案」的「複數優先權」;
(5)主張「複數優先權」"可能"使得一件專利中不同技術特徵A、B、C分別都有較早的新穎性基礎日(要看Claim架構如何,每個權利項都可以有自己的單一或多個優先權日)。


順便一提「複數優先權」:

(台灣)複數優先權:一申請案之申請專利範圍包含一個以上發明,符合「單一性」或屬「相同發明」者,且基於各別發明均分別有主張優先權基礎案者,稱為「複數優先權」。(中華民國專利審查基準)

(中國)本篇值得參考:浅析专利申请中的本国优先权

摘錄:
4. 利用本国优先权进行申请的合并或拆分
申请人还可以将多个首次申请作为优先权基础,提出一份新的专利申请。例如,如果某申请人在前后一年之内首次申请了多件专利,该申请人可以利用本国优先权制度,将该多个申请合并为一件新的专利申请,而节约专利申请费用,降低授权后的维护成本。这样的运用在专利制度上,称为“多项优先权”形式。应注意的是,要求多项优先权时,在后的申请日不能超过最早的在先首次申请日的12个月,而且合并在一件申请中的多组权利要求之间应具备单一性。此外,申请人还可以通过要求本国优先权,将一件在先申请拆分成多件申请,甚至是多件不同类型的申请。

(提出複數優先權的注意事項:最早優先權案申請日要在一年內、注意整體的單一性)


(歐洲)
「歐洲專利」給申請人的申請指南:
https://www.epo.org/applying/european/Guide-for-applicants/html/e/ga_c_i_8.html

"You may claim multiple priorities in respect of one European patent application, even if they originate from different countries. You may also claim multiple priorities for any one claim. If you claim multiple priorities, time limits which run from the date of priority are computed from the earliest priority date."

複數優先權甚至可以主張多個國家的專利申請案(包括臨時申請案),可以在一個權利項主張多個優先權,一年(一般優先權)的限制要以「最早」的那件優先權日開始算。

"You must also file the priority document, i.e. a copy of the earlier application certified by the authority with which it was filed, together with authentication of its filing date from that authority, within 16 months of the priority date. In certain cases you are exempted from having to submit a priority document: currently the EPO includes a copy of the earlier application whose priority you claim in the file of the European patent application free of charge if the earlier application is either a European patent application, an international patent application filed with the EPO as receiving Office, a Japanese, Chinese or Korean patent or utility model application or a United States provisional or non-provisional patent application."

一般優先權日是後續專利申請案申請日前一年內(12個月)的前申請案,相關文件可以在優先權日後16個月內提出,優先權案可以為美國臨時申請案。

(美國)
示範案例:11/960,675


(補充)
可參考過去的筆記:http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2013/02/blog-post_27.html

策略:在美國(或其他有臨時申請案的國家,如澳洲)提出一或多個臨時申請案(provisional application),接著在台灣提出一件內容較為完整的正式申請案,如果此台案主張先前臨時申請案的優先權,就無法成為後續申請案的優先權基礎案,於是可以建議在沒有"損失"過多早期申請日好處的條件下,可以不主張先前臨時申請案優先權,而作為後續正式案(別的國家)的優先權基礎案,而在時間允許下,後續申請案可以同時主張臨時申請案與台灣正式案的複數優先權。

歐洲Guide for Applicants
Claiming priority
52
If you or your predecessor in title have duly filed an application for a patent, a utility model or a utility certificate in or for any state party to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property or any member of the World Trade Organization you may claim priority when filing a European patent application in respect of the same invention. You must file the European patent application no later than twelve months after filing the first application (see points 226-228).

If the earlier application was filed in or for an EPC contracting state, you may also designate that state in the European application. The earlier application whose priority you claim may also be a European or an international (PCT) application (see point 19).

53
You may claim multiple priorities in respect of one European patent application, even if they originate from different countries. You may also claim multiple priorities for any one claim. If you claim multiple priorities, time limits which run from the date of priority are computed from the earliest priority date. 

54
To claim the priority of an earlier application you must indicate the date, country and file number of the earlier application. 

美國MPEP
MPEP 211.02   Reference to Prior Application(s)

I.APPLICATION DATA SHEET
Both 35 U.S.C. 119(e) and 120 include the requirement that the later-filed application must contain a specific reference to the prior application.

For applications filed on or after September 16, 2012, the specific reference to the prior application must be included in an application data sheet (37 CFR 1.76). For applications filed prior to September 16, 2012, the specific reference to the prior application must be in an application data sheet (37 CFR 1.76(a)) and/or in the first sentence(s) of the specification following the title, although the Office prefers the use of an application data sheet. If applicant is claiming the benefit of multiple prior applications, and the reference to the prior applications is in the specification, the reference may be in a continuous string of multiple sentences at the beginning of the specification. The multiple sentences must begin as the first sentence after the title, and any additional sentence(s) including a benefit claim must follow the first sentence and not be separated from the first sentence by any other sentence not making a benefit claim. If the specific reference is only contained in the application data sheet, then the benefit claim information will be included on the front page of any patent or patent application publication, but will not be included in the first sentence(s) of the specification.

Ron

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