- 5.5.4.1 The claims are construed as a legal document;
- 5.5.4.2 Presumption against redundancy;
- 5.5.4.3 Omnibus claims;
- 5.5.4.4 Swiss claims;
- 5.5.4.5 Product by process claims;
- 5.5.4.6 Parametric claims;
- 5.5.4.7 ‘For use in’, ‘when used’, and similar wording in claims;
- 5.5.4.8 ‘Comprises‘, ‘includes‘, ‘consists of‘, and ‘contains‘ in claims;
- 5.5.4.9 Reference numerals in claims;
- 5.5.4.10 Relative terms;
- 5.5.4.11 ‘Substantially‘, ‘about‘, and ‘generally’; and
- 5.5.4.12 Appended claims.
潘榮恩專利部落格、專利實務、專利筆記與Linux
enpan's Patent & Linux practice
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ronpan@gmail.com,
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2024年8月30日 星期五
申請專利範圍中的"if"或是"when" - 筆記
2024年8月29日 星期四
日本AI發明專利的適格性筆記之三 - 日本軟體/AI發明的專利適格性 (Open Edition)
2024年8月16日 星期五
申請專利範圍中條件式用語 - 筆記與Lincoln案
如此,因為被告產品並未執行step (e)(即便這是一個附帶限制),CAFC判決侵權不成立。
2024年8月15日 星期四
法院解釋"claimed invention"與"invention"並沒有什麼不同-關於"on-sale bar"(Celanese Intl. Corp. v. Intl. Trade Comm’n, 22-01827 (Fed. Cir. 2024))
35 U.S.C. 102 Conditions for patentability; novelty.
- (a) NOVELTY; PRIOR ART.—A person shall be entitled to a patent unless—
- (1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention; or
- (2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention.
- (b) EXCEPTIONS.—
- (1) DISCLOSURES MADE 1 YEAR OR LESS BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE FILING DATE OF THE CLAIMED INVENTION.—A disclosure made 1 year or less before the effective filing date of a claimed invention shall not be prior art to the claimed invention under subsection (a)(1) if—
- (A) the disclosure was made by the inventor or joint inventor or by another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; or(發明人或直接間接自發明人獲得專利的人的揭露)
- (B) the subject matter disclosed had, before such disclosure, been publicly disclosed by the inventor or a joint inventor or another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor.(發明人或直接間接自發明獲得專利的人的公開揭露的專利標的)
- (2) DISCLOSURES APPEARING IN APPLICATIONS AND PATENTS.—A disclosure shall not be prior art to a claimed invention under subsection (a)(2) if—
- (A) the subject matter disclosed was obtained directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor;
- (B) the subject matter disclosed had, before such subject matter was effectively filed under subsection (a)(2), been publicly disclosed by the inventor or a joint inventor or another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; or
- (C) the subject matter disclosed and the claimed invention, not later than the effective filing date of the claimed invention, were owned by the same person or subject to an obligation of assignment to the same person.
- (1) DISCLOSURES MADE 1 YEAR OR LESS BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE FILING DATE OF THE CLAIMED INVENTION.—A disclosure made 1 year or less before the effective filing date of a claimed invention shall not be prior art to the claimed invention under subsection (a)(1) if—
Celanese反駁的理由主要是,根據現行35USC102法條,其中以"claimed invention"取代pre-AIA的"invention",這是有意義的,認為系爭專利涉及生產流程(claimed process),僅在申請人販售方法本身才會觸發on-sale bar,而不及於專利方法所生產的產品,但ALJ仍判定法條中加入"claimed"並未推翻過去適用的on-sale bar,因此根據前例由專利方法生產的產品足以觸發on-sale bar。
2024年8月2日 星期五
以"disclaimer"排除前案的新穎性答辯 - 專利答辯的妥協方案
"1. Réactif pour la synthèse de dérivés organiques oxysulfurés et fluorés par réaction avec un oxyde de soufre, notamment du bioxyde de soufre, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
a) un acide fluorocarboxylique de formule Ea - CF2- COOH, où Ea représente un atome ou un groupe électroattracteur, au moins partiellement salifié par un cation choisi parmi les cations de métaux alcalins de rang supérieur à celui du sodium et les oniums,
b) un solvant aprotique ; et en ce que la teneur en protons libérables portés par ses divers composants, y compris leurs impuretés, est au plus égale à la moitié de la concentration molaire initiale dudit acide fluorocarboxylique."
"22. Réactif caractérisé :
- en ce qu'il est susceptible de former des dérivés organiques oxysulfurés et fluorés par réaction avec un oxyde de soufre, notamment du bioxyde de soufre, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend:
a) un acide fluorocarboxylique de formule Ea - CF2- COOH, au moins partiellement salifié par un cation choisi parmi les cations de métaux alcalins de rang supérieur à celui du sodium et les ammoniums ou phosphoniums quaternaires, où Ea représente un atome ou un groupe électroattracteur,
b) un solvant aprotique ; et
- en ce que la teneur en protons libérables portés par ses divers composants, y compris leurs impuretés, est au plus égale à la moitié de la concentration molaire initiale dudit acide fluorocarboxylique ; pour autant que le réactif ne consiste pas en un mélange de trifluroacétate de potassium et de 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene dans le DMF ou le DMSO."
2.1 A disclaimer may be allowable in order to:
- restore novelty by delimiting a claim against state of the art under Article 54(3) and (4) EPC;
- restore novelty by delimiting a claim against an accidental anticipation under Article 54(2) EPC; an anticipation is accidental if it is so unrelated to and remote from the claimed invention that the person skilled in the art would never have taken it into consideration when making the invention; and
- disclaim subject-matter which, under Articles 52 to 57 EPC, is excluded from patentability for non-technical reasons.
(i) it is made in order to exclude non-working embodiments or remedy insufficient disclosure;
(ii) it makes a technical contribution.
(iii) the limitation is relevant for assessing inventive step;
(iv) the disclaimer, which would otherwise be allowable on the basis of a conflicting application alone (Art. 54(3)), renders the invention novel or inventive over a separate prior art document under Art. 54(2), which is a not accidental anticipation of the claimed invention;
(v) the disclaimer based on a conflicting application also serves another purpose, e.g. it removes a deficiency under Art. 83.
2024年8月1日 星期四
PCT案必須借道EPO才能進入法國等國
2024年7月31日 星期三
USPTO發布AI專利標的專利適格性審查指南 - 筆記(3)
「負面表現方式」是「正面表示技術特徵」的筆記
(重要)撰寫專利範圍時,如何決定是否採用「負面表現方式」,就看是否只能用負面表示表達技術特徵,且不會造成不明確,如果有必要且明確,可使用負面表現方式;另可判斷是否使用負面表現方式會使得專利範圍過廣而無法定義其邊界,如果有無法界定專利範圍的疑慮時,選擇不用。
根據審查基準第二篇第一章中2.4.1.5「表現方式所致之不明確」一節說明,請求項中可以使用「負面表示方式」(除...之外、非...,或類似用語),條件如以下標示(1)(2)(3)等。
明確的範例二:說明書指明只有"非圓管形態"才能達成發明的功效,並且相關領域通常知識者可以明白,就不會導致不明確。
明確的範例三:只要發明所屬技術領域有明確的含意,或是相關人員可理解,「負面表現方式」不會導致不明確。
2024年7月30日 星期二
USPTO發布AI專利標的專利適格性審查指南 - 筆記(2)
再查,本項其餘的特徵,如step (e),轉換遮罩分群為時域上多個分離的語音訊號,以及step (f)取得目標來源的空間特徵,以及其中產生一序列文字的技術,這些步驟已經整合抽象概念為具體應用。使得整體專利範圍反映出改善相關領域的技術,即便有幾個步驟判斷是抽象概念,但整體上實現speech-to-text轉換,具有具體應用,因此step 2A, prong two為YES。