本篇揭露的統計數據是日本以及PCT進入日本的專利申請案。技術類別包括IPC的G06N與日本專利檢索系統的FI類別,搭配WIPO的AI技術趨勢報告(可參考前篇)中關於AI的關鍵字與專利說明書中摘要、問題解決等欄位進行檢索。
從機器學習技術的專利獲准率來看,日本專利局對於AI演算法相關技術的接受度頗高。
潘榮恩專利部落格、專利實務、專利筆記與Linux
enpan's Patent & Linux practice
(http://enpan.blogspot.tw/, http://enpan.blogspot.com/)
(接受委託安排課程)
ronpan@gmail.com,
enpan@msn.com
前言:
其實說到AI發明,也僅是搭上目前很夯的話題,AI有個特色是 - "說不清楚",但本質上就是"軟體發明",也就是常說的"電腦實現的發明/computer-implemented invention/CII",因此有關軟體發明的專利適格性議題應該都適用在AI相關的發明。但無論如何,AI相關發明的專利適格性仍是值得一談的議題,畢竟AI還是有點意思。
AI相關發明在日本專利實務有何見解?大哉問,先問ChatGPT:
這些可參考,問了「ChatGPT」,它給我的答案算是很嚴肅的一般知識加上一些常識,也就是軟體發明該注意的,仍有一些可參考資料,如下標註:
In Japan, the patentability of AI-related
inventions follows the general principles of patent law, but there are specific
considerations to keep in mind:
1. **Statutory Requirements**: To be patentable,
an AI-related invention must meet the three basic requirements: novelty,
inventive step (non-obviousness), and industrial applicability.(常識)
2. **Technical Aspect**: The invention must be a
"creation of technical ideas utilizing a law of nature." Pure
mathematical algorithms, abstract ideas, or mental acts are not patentable unless they have a
technical character or are implemented in a way that produces a technical
effect. (還算可以,就是要有技術效果的特徵)
3. **AI Algorithms**: AI algorithms themselves,
if claimed as such, are generally not
patentable unless they are part of a specific technical
application or contribute to a technical improvement. For example, a
machine learning algorithm used in a medical imaging device to improve
diagnostic accuracy may be patentable. (還算不錯的答案)
4. **Application Format**: The Japan Patent
Office (JPO) encourages applicants to describe AI-related inventions in terms
of their technical problem and solution.
Detailed descriptions of how the AI contributes to solving a technical problem and the specific
technical implementation can enhance the chances of patentability. (要解決技術問題)
5. **Examples of Patentable AI Inventions**:(我覺得是不錯的說明)
- AI used in a new type of control system for
machinery.
- AI algorithms implemented in a specific
hardware environment that results in a technical improvement.
- Specific applications of AI in fields like
healthcare, manufacturing, or transportation that demonstrate a technical
effect.
6. **Examination Guidelines**: The JPO provides
examination guidelines specific to AI-related inventions. These guidelines help
in assessing whether an AI invention meets the criteria for patentability,
emphasizing the importance of a detailed
technical description and the demonstration of a technical effect.
7. **Patent Strategy**: When filing an
AI-related patent in Japan, it's crucial to: (很不錯的結論)
- Clearly define the technical problem being solved.
- Detail the
technical means by which the AI solution is implemented.
- Highlight any
technical effects or improvements resulting from the AI implementation.
In summary, while AI algorithms as standalone
inventions are generally not patentable in Japan, AI-related inventions that
demonstrate a clear technical contribution and solve a specific technical
problem can be patented. The focus should be on the practical application and
technical details of the AI solution.
繼續問以上答案是否有來源?ChatGPT給我以下內容(我希望它用email寄給我,但是目前尚無此功能):
Subject: Information on Patentability of AI-Related Inventions in Japan
Hi Ronpan,
Here is the information on the patentability of AI-related inventions in Japan:
1. **Japan Patent Office (JPO) Official Website**:
- The JPO provides comprehensive guidelines and resources regarding patent examination, including specific guidelines for AI and software-related inventions.
- [Japan Patent Office (JPO)](https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/)
2. **JPO Examination Guidelines**:
- The JPO has published examination guidelines that cover various aspects of patentability, including specific sections on AI and software inventions.
- [JPO Examination Guidelines](https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/index.html)
3. **Intellectual Property High Court of Japan**:
- For legal precedents and interpretations related to AI patents, you might find relevant case law from the Intellectual Property High Court of Japan.
- [Intellectual Property High Court](http://www.ip.courts.go.jp/eng/)
4. **Japanese Patent Attorneys and Law Firms**:
- Consulting with Japanese patent attorneys or law firms specializing in intellectual property can provide personalized and detailed advice.
- Some well-known firms include:
- Nakamura & Partners: [Nakamura & Partners](http://www.nakapat.gr.jp/english/)
- Aoyama & Partners: [Aoyama & Partners](http://www.aoyamapat.gr.jp/)
5. **Academic and Industry Publications**:
- Research papers, articles, and industry reports on AI and IP law can provide deeper insights.
- Websites like Google Scholar or legal databases such as LexisNexis and Westlaw can be useful.
6. **Professional Organizations and Conferences**:
- Organizations like the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI) often hold seminars and publish papers on the latest trends in IP law, including AI-related patents.
- [AIPPI Japan](https://www.aippi.org/aippi-japan/)
I hope this helps with your research and any AI-related patent endeavors!
Best regards,
整理以上來源:
[Japan Patent Office (JPO)](https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/)
[JPO Examination Guidelines](https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/system/laws/rule/guideline/patent/index.html)
[Intellectual Property High Court](http://www.ip.courts.go.jp/eng/)
Nakamura & Partners: [Nakamura & Partners](http://www.nakapat.gr.jp/english/)
Aoyama & Partners: [Aoyama & Partners](http://www.aoyamapat.gr.jp/)
[AIPPI Japan](https://www.aippi.org/aippi-japan/)
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問Google,則看到一篇不錯的內容:https://books.openedition.org/putc/15392?lang=en,看不出來本篇撰寫日期,但其中有引用2021年案例,應該還算新的知識。
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Ron
The draft revision of the Examination Guidelines for Patent and Utility Model in Japan (hereinafter, simply referred to as the “Examination Guidelines”) has been prepared based on the discussions at the 16th meeting of the Working Group on the Patent Examination Standards supervised by the Patent System Subcommittee under the Intellectual Property Committee of the Industrial Structure Council. The public comments were invited from February 10 to March 11, 2022.
The Examination Guidelines related to Multi-Multi Claim Restriction is revised in light of the public comments.
(Note) The term "Multi-Multi Claim" as restricted by the revised Ministerial Ordinance means "any dependent claim that refers to more than one other claim in the alternative ("multiple dependent claim") which depends from any other multiple dependent claim."
The revised Examination Guidelines is applied to examination of the applications filed on or after April 1, 2022.