EPC Art. 52(2)(a) Patentable Inventions 規定發現、科學原理與數學方法(mathematical methods)不能稱專利法規定的發明,因此如Art. 52(3)規定,應排除其本身(as such)可專利性。
(1)European patents shall be granted for any inventions, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are susceptible of industrial application.
(2)The following in particular shall not be regarded as inventions within the meaning of paragraph 1:
(a)discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods;
(b)aesthetic creations;
(c)schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and programs for computers;
(d)presentations of information.
(3)Paragraph 2 shall exclude the patentability of the subject-matter or activities referred to therein only to the extent to which a European patent application or European patent relates to such subject-matter or activities as such.
整理G-II, 3.3規定,數學方法本身無法取得專利,但仍有情況是不能排除發明的可專利性:
(1)如果發明(指claims)指向涉及使用技術手段(例如電腦)的方法或裝置,則其專利標的的整體上具有技術特徵,而不會因為Art. 52(2)和Art. 52(3)的規定而被排除可專利性。("If a claim is directed either to a method involving the use of technical means (e.g. a computer) or to a device, its subject-matter has a technical character as a whole and is thus not excluded from patentability under Art. 52(2) and (3).")
(2)這裡規定「僅指出數據的技術性質或數學方法的參數不足以構成專利法定義的發明」("Merely specifying the technical nature of the data or parameters of the mathematical method may not be sufficient on its own to define an invention within the meaning of Art. 52(1). "),反過來說,就是要證明發明非僅指出數據的技術性質或數學方法的參數,就為可專利標的。
(3)這裡提到的一個事實,數學方法可以服務一個技術目的並不足以取得可專利性,而發明(專利範圍)要功能性地限定在特定技術目的,不論是明確或隱含地,透過建立「技術目的與數學方法」之間足夠的連結而證明其可專利性,例如,指出關於技術目的的數學步驟輸入輸出的程序如何運作,則可以讓數學方法連結到技術效果上("Furthermore, the mere fact that a mathematical method may serve a technical purpose is not sufficient, either. The claim is to be functionally limited to the technical purpose, either explicitly or implicitly. This can be achieved by establishing a sufficient link between the technical purpose and the mathematical method steps, for example, by specifying how the input and the output of the sequence of mathematical steps relate to the technical purpose so that the mathematical method is causally linked to a technical effect.")。
或許,G-II, 3.3以上段落給了我們取得關於數學方法的專利的一些線索。
my two cents:
可參考另一篇關於以上章節涉及AI發明的可專利性議題:EPO的AI可專利性討論(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2025/05/epoai.html),當AI發明都可以專利了,數學方法也有機會。
Ron




















