Ron
enpan's Patent & Linux practice
潘榮恩專利部落格、專利實務、專利筆記與Linux
enpan's Patent & Linux practice
(http://enpan.blogspot.tw/, http://enpan.blogspot.com/)
(接受委託安排課程)
ronpan@gmail.com,
enpan@msn.com
2026年4月20日 星期一
ASAP! 措施的檢討與更新
Ron
2026年4月13日 星期一
專利適格性在促進AI創新的角色 - 筆記3
The Supreme Court has identified a number of considerations as relevant to the evaluation of whether the claimed additional elements amount to an inventive concept. The list of considerations here is not intended to be exclusive or limiting. Additional elements can often be analyzed based on more than one type of consideration and the type of consideration is of no import to the eligibility analysis. Additional discussion of these considerations, and how they were applied in particular judicial decisions, is provided in in MPEP § 2106.05(a) through (h).
Limitations that the courts have found to qualify as “significantly more” when recited in a claim with a judicial exception include:
重要!(申請專利範圍中為法定例外不予專利時,其中可以具備"實質超越/significantly more"的元件:(i)電腦功能的改善,如DDR案;(ii)技術領域中的技術改良,如Diamond案;(iii)使用在特定機器;(iv)轉換特定物品到另一個狀態;(v)加入已知、常規或習知活動以外的特定限制,使發明有具體應用;(vi)發明具備超過連接法定例外到特定技術環境的有意義的限制。)
- i. Improvements to the functioning of a computer, e.g., a modification of conventional Internet hyperlink protocol to dynamically produce a dual-source hybrid webpage, as discussed in DDR Holdings, LLC v. Hotels.com, L.P., 773 F.3d 1245, 1258-59, 113 USPQ2d 1097, 1106-07 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (see MPEP § 2106.05(a));
- ii. Improvements to any other technology or technical field, e.g., a modification of conventional rubber-molding processes to utilize a thermocouple inside the mold to constantly monitor the temperature and thus reduce under- and over-curing problems common in the art, as discussed in Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175, 191-92, 209 USPQ 1, 10 (1981) (see MPEP § 2106.05(a));
- iii. Applying the judicial exception with, or by use of, a particular machine, e.g., a Fourdrinier machine (which is understood in the art to have a specific structure comprising a headbox, a paper-making wire, and a series of rolls) that is arranged in a particular way to optimize the speed of the machine while maintaining quality of the formed paper web, as discussed in Eibel Process Co. v. Minn. & Ont. Paper Co., 261 U.S. 45, 64-65 (1923) (see MPEP § 2106.05(b));
- iv. Effecting a transformation or reduction of a particular article to a different state or thing, e.g., a process that transforms raw, uncured synthetic rubber into precision-molded synthetic rubber products, as discussed in Diehr, 450 U.S. at 184, 209 USPQ at 21 (see MPEP § 2106.05(c));
- v. Adding a specific limitation other than what is well-understood, routine, conventional activity in the field, or adding unconventional steps that confine the claim to a particular useful application, e.g., a non-conventional and non-generic arrangement of various computer components for filtering Internet content, as discussed in BASCOM Global Internet v. AT&T Mobility LLC, 827 F.3d 1341, 1350-51, 119 USPQ2d 1236, 1243 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (see MPEP § 2106.05(d)); or
- vi. Other meaningful limitations beyond generally linking the use of the judicial exception to a particular technological environment, e.g., an immunization step that integrates an abstract idea of data comparison into a specific process of immunizing that lowers the risk that immunized patients will later develop chronic immune-mediated diseases, as discussed in Classen Immunotherapies Inc. v. Biogen IDEC, 659 F.3d 1057, 1066-68, 100 USPQ2d 1492, 1499-1502 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (see MPEP § 2106.05(e)).
Limitations that the courts have found not to be enough to qualify as “significantly more” when recited in a claim with a judicial exception include:
(申請專利範圍中為法定例外不予專利時,其中"不夠"實質超越/significantly more"的元件:(i)在電腦上應用法定例外(如抽象概念);(ii)加入已知、常規與習知活動(高度普遍性);(iii)在法定例外(如抽象概念)加入不重要的額外解決方案(extra-solution activity);(iv)僅一般地連結法定例外到特定技術環境。)
- i. Adding the words “apply it” (or an equivalent) with the judicial exception, or mere instructions to implement an abstract idea on a computer, e.g., a limitation indicating that a particular function such as creating and maintaining electronic records is performed by a computer, as discussed in Alice Corp., 573 U.S. at 225-26, 110 USPQ2d at 1984 (see MPEP § 2106.05(f));
- ii. Simply appending well-understood, routine, conventional activities previously known to the industry, specified at a high level of generality, to the judicial exception, e.g., a claim to an abstract idea requiring no more than a generic computer to perform generic computer functions that are well-understood, routine and conventional activities previously known to the industry, as discussed in Alice Corp., 573 U.S. at 225, 110 USPQ2d at 1984 (see MPEP § 2106.05(d));
- iii. Adding insignificant extra-solution activity to the judicial exception, e.g., mere data gathering in conjunction with a law of nature or abstract idea such as a step of obtaining information about credit card transactions so that the information can be analyzed by an abstract mental process, as discussed in CyberSource v. Retail Decisions, Inc., 654 F.3d 1366, 1375, 99 USPQ2d 1690, 1694 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (see MPEP § 2106.05(g)); or
- iv. Generally linking the use of the judicial exception to a particular technological environment or field of use, e.g., a claim describing how the abstract idea of hedging could be used in the commodities and energy markets, as discussed in Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S. 593, 595, 95 USPQ2d 1001, 1010 (2010) or a claim limiting the use of a mathematical formula to the petrochemical and oil-refining fields, as discussed in Parker v. Flook, 437 U.S. 584, 588-90, 198 USPQ 193, 197-98 (1978) (MPEP § 2106.05(h)).
2026年4月10日 星期五
中國實用新型並非形式審查而已 - 筆記
〔態樣一〕
〔申請專利範圍〕
1.一種可過濾及搜尋郵件之裝置,包含:
一快閃記憶體及一安全數位記憶卡形成之儲存單元;
一液晶面板顯示單元;及
一數位處理單元,與該液晶面板顯示單元連接;
其中,藉由該數位處理單元將該儲存單元中所儲存之郵件,依所設定之郵件過濾規則,過濾出適當郵件並顯示在該液晶面板顯示單元。
〔說明〕
請求項之前言部分已記載一物品,主體部分亦描述形狀、構造或組合之技術特徵。其請求項中包含軟體與硬體二者,並進一步界定二者之協同運作關係,非為單純之電腦軟體創作,仍符合物品之形狀、構造或組合的規定。
〔態樣二〕
〔申請專利範圍〕
1.一種多媒體運算系統,係運作於一電腦主機內,包括下列模組:
一輸入模組,接收外界輸入資料,包含文字、圖片或影音資料;
一記憶模組,連接該輸入模組,以作為暫存該輸入模組之資料;
一運算模組,雙向連接該記憶模組,將存放在記憶模組中之資料取出進行運算,並將結果存回該記憶模組;
一輸出模組,連接該記憶模組,將存放在記憶模組中之運算結果輸出;
一控制模組,分別連接該輸入模組、記憶模組、運算模組以及輸出模組,控制該輸入模組擷取資料、記憶模組與運算模組間的存取,以及由輸出模組將運算結果輸出。
〔說明〕
請求項之前言部分已記載一物品,主體部分亦描述形狀、構造或組合之技術特徵。其請求項中包含多個軟(硬)體模組及提供該些軟(硬)體模組運作環境的電腦主機硬體,該請求項說明各模組間之連結關係與相互運作方式,非單純之電腦軟體創作,亦符合物品之形狀、構造或組合的規定。
Ron
答辯歷史不會形成Disclaimer的條件 - Malvern Panalytical Inc. v. TA Instruments-Waters LLC (Fed. Cir. 2023)
另外,即便有為了克服引證案的陳述,但如果專利申請人答辯態度/行為改變(表達輸誠、改變意見、不再強調己見),也可能會讓法院認定沒有形成disclaimer。這時就引出前篇內容引用的另一先例:Ecolab, Inc. v. FMC Corp., 569 F.3d 1335, 1343 (Fed. Cir. 2009)。
2026年4月6日 星期一
過度強調特徵的說明書以及答辯歷史的Disclaimer - Puradigm, LLC v. DBG Group Investments LLC (Fed. Cir. Apr. 1, 2026)
系爭專利說明書內容不多,元件僅是簡單說明,但是技術是看得懂,因為光摘要就講明系爭專利是關於空氣清淨機中運用紫外光產生殺菌分子,通過其中光反射板加強照射目標的紫外光,再經由空氣帶出,運作的示意圖如下:
系爭專利說明書特別強調其UV反射板是不同於會削弱能量的漫射的“鏡射(需要拋光打磨)”反射板:
CAFC階段:
除了以上申請人/發明人在說明書強烈地宣告發明建立了disclaimer以外,主要仍是要與先前技術區隔的答辯內容所建立的disclaimer/disavowal,這些都是形成"clear and unmistakable disclaimer"。
專利說明書不能太短,因為太短可能就僅有過於狹隘的說明,因此,若說明書僅有一個實施例,這個實施例是有可能會被拿來“解釋”專利範圍,雖説實施例不能用來解釋專利範圍,但是法官或對照律師是不是這樣想就不一定。
2026年4月3日 星期五
模型訓練方法可以改善電腦技術嗎?涉及是否具備專利適格性 - Ex parte Desjardins (PTAB Sep. 26, 2025)
2019 Revised Guidance
基於Enfish案例,DeepMind強調系爭申請案發明中就有這樣改善電腦技術的AI系統,如以上提到說明書記載發明可以使用較少的儲存空間,以及減少系統複雜度,這次,ARP同意申請人意見,也就是同意系爭申請案發明『通過調整第一值優化用在第一機器學習任務的模型的參數,還保護了模型在第一機器學習任務的效能』已經改良模型的運作,而非僅是數學方程式而已。
根據ARP的意見,雖是為了美國在AI上的主導地位會因為目前專利法的阻礙而憂心,但整體上確實講出不少人的心聲,明明一個有充分揭露、具有創造性/非顯而易知的發明,卻因為被認為法定不予專利(一般目的電腦執行)的演算法而被駁回。這回ARP主動針對35U.S.C.101提出主張,認為之前判決都忽視了Enfish案例給出應該依循的前例(最後表示APJ新加的101議題是違法的)。
2026年3月31日 星期二
提供可以用於侵權的服務並不擔負共同侵權 - Cox Communications, Inc. v. Sony Music Entertainment (supreme court 2026)
通過上述嚴格的條件(only if)的檢查,最高法院裁定Cox對於其客戶的侵權行為並不用擔負共同責任。








