2022年8月31日 星期三

歐洲專利申請案不准加入僅在優先權文件揭露中的內容

當專利申請案具有國外優先權時,可能就是一個翻譯後的申請案,送件後,事實上就是一個穩定具有法律意義的公文書。但如果發生錯誤,是否可以"還原"到優先權文件的內容?在中華民國專利法第43條規定有「修正,除誤譯之訂正外,不得超出申請時說明書、申請專利範圍或圖式所揭露之範圍」;第44條更規定「前項之中文本,其誤譯之訂正,不得超出申請時外文本所揭露之範圍」;第67條規定「更正」還是可以「誤記或誤譯之訂正」。因此,如果申請案有錯,是可以依據原始文件進行「誤譯之訂正」。(編按,雖然誤譯訂正是維護申請人應該的權利,立意良善,但有可能被誤用,讓進口專利申請案可以"不嚴格送件",將來有問題可以搬出誤譯之訂正校正內容。)

來看看EPC的規定。

EPC「Guidelines for Examination」
Part H – Amendments and Corrections
Chapter IV 2.2規定如下:

EPC Article 123 規範修正事項,EPC Art. 123(2) The European patent application or European patent may not be amended in such a way that it contains subject-matter which extends beyond the content of the application as filed.(此節規定歐洲專利申請案或是歐洲專利不能修正超出申請時內容)

在審查基準的規定是不能修正讓相關領域技術人員以一般知識以及基於說明書揭露內容而無法直接推導的內容。(編按,一般的理解是修正不能超出文字本身表達的內容)。

然而,各種語言文字本身仍具有一定的解釋空間,因此還有「implicit disclosure(隱含揭露)」的修正空間,因此"一般普通知識"的介入很重要,就以常理而言判斷修正是否超出原申請書內容。

在評估修改後的專利範圍是否符合上述修正要求(Art. 123(2))時,評估重點在於申請案真正向相關領域一般技術人員披露的內容,要求審查部門應該符合一種"比例原則"來判斷修正是否可以直接而無疑義地從原申請案中所推導得出。

進一步地,在2.2.5節規定優先權文件中,在Art. 123(2)規定不允許在歐洲申請案中加入"僅在優先權文件中出現的內容",除非是如Rule 56(3)(關於missing part)規定,或是錯誤更正。

因此,歐洲專利申請案的規定是,可以誤譯更正或針對missing part修正,但不能引入僅在優先權文件中的內容。(編按,優先權後提出其他國內外的後續申請案都是"選擇性"地挑出要申請的內容,因此與優先權案不同也是正常的情況,甚至是一個後續申請案主張多件優先權案,彼此都有差異也是正常。)

2.2 Content of the application as "originally" filed – general rules

Under Art. 123(2), it is impermissible to add to a European application subject-matter which the skilled person cannot derive directly and unambiguously, using common general knowledge and also taking into account any features implicit to a person skilled in the art in what is expressly mentioned in the document, from the disclosure of the application as filed. Literal support is, however, not required by the wording of Art. 123(2) (see T 667/08).

The term "implicit disclosure" means no more than the clear and unambiguous consequence of what is explicitly mentioned in the application as filed. Thus, the common general knowledge must be taken into account in deciding what is clearly and unambiguously implied by the explicit disclosure of a document. However, the question of what may be rendered obvious by that disclosure in the light of common general knowledge is not relevant to the assessment of what is implicitly disclosed by that document (T 823/96T 1125/07).

When assessing the conformity of the amended claims with the requirements of Art. 123(2), the focus is placed on what is really disclosed to the skilled person by the documents as filed as directed to a technical audience. In particular, the examining division needs to avoid disproportionally focusing on the structure of the claims as filed to the detriment of the subject-matter that the skilled person would directly and unambiguously derive from the application as a whole.

Furthermore, the assessment of the requirements of Art. 123(2) is made from the standpoint of the skilled person on a technical and reasonable basis, avoiding artificial and semantic constructions (T 99/13).

2.2.5 Priority documents

Under Art. 123(2) it is impermissible to add to a European application matter present only in the priority document for that application (see T 260/85) unless this is done under the provisions of Rule 56(3) (H‑IV, 2.3.2). For correction of errors, see H‑VI, 4.

Rule 56規定揭露內容的遺失片段或是遺失的圖式。

Rule 56 Missing parts of the description or missing drawings

(3) If the missing parts of the description or missing drawings are filed within the period under paragraph 2, and the application claims priority of an earlier application, the date of filing shall, provided that the missing parts of the description or the missing drawings are completely contained in the earlier application, remain the date on which the requirements laid down in Rule 40, paragraph 1, were fulfilled, where the applicant so requests and files, within the period under paragraph 2:
(a) a copy of the earlier application, unless such copy is available to the European Patent Office under Rule 53, paragraph 2;
(b) where the earlier application is not in an official language of the European Patent Office, a translation thereof in one of these languages, unless such copy is available to the European Patent Office under Rule 53, paragraph 3; and
(c) an indication as to where the missing parts of the description or the missing drawings are completely contained in the earlier application and, where applicable, in the translation thereof.  

Ron

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