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2026年9月11日 星期五

調整說明書以適應修改後的專利範圍!有條件的 - 歐洲擴大訴願委員會G 1/25案


前言:
專利說明書具有穩定性,也就是,不論專利申請歷程遇到任何情況,專利說明書除誤繕修正/誤譯更正/無歧異修正這類可能有點寬容的情況外,原則上是不能變動的。因此,申請專利範圍的任何修正都應基於說明書與圖式,不得超出、產生新事物。在實務上,歐洲專利說明書在審查歷史中是會有機會修正的,包括補入先前技術、刪除不必要內容,或是,當修正申請專利範圍(歐洲這部分守得很緊),可以必要地調整或刪除說明書記載實施例(不能有新事物),以適應申請專利範圍。

本篇對於歐洲專利法Art. 84 EPC的見解與論述十分精采,還有對前篇判例G 1/24的再次確認,需要看原文才可以感覺到,我用中文表達並無法太準確。

以下修正規定與標註:
Article 123 Amendments (修正規定只有第(3)節規定與claim有關)
(1)The European patent application or European patent may be amended in proceedings before the European Patent Office, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. In any event, the applicant shall be given at least one opportunity to amend the application of his own volition. (歐洲專利申請案或歐洲專利在EPO程序中可被修正,並且應提供至少一次修正機會(至少一次OA))
(2)The European patent application or European patent may not be amended in such a way that it contains subject-matter which extends beyond the content of the application as filed. (歐洲專利申請案修正不能超出申請案內容)
(3)The European patent may not be amended in such a way as to extend the protection it confers. (歐洲專利(獲證後)修正不能超出授予的保護範圍)


本次討論2026年9月3日作出的G 1/25判決資訊:

本案源起歐洲專利EP2124521被提起異議程序後,在異議程序中提出修正,但修正讓申請專利範圍與說明書不一致。訴願委員會將此議題提交擴大訴願委員會,Q1:需要釐清是否可以通過調整(adapt to)說明書以與修正後專利範圍一致?Q2:如果Q1答案是YES,歐洲專利法對於所述調整有任何要求嗎?Q3:以上議題是針對異議程序,是否與專利審查過程的修正規定不同?

其實,系爭專利在上訴到訴願委員會時提出的附屬請求(auxiliary request 1E)是符合EPC規定;但到了訴願口審程序中,專利權人依照前述附屬請求(auxiliary request 1E)專利範圍說明書提出新的修正,與異議階段的說明書(應比較靠近申請時版本,未查)有差異,差異在於這份新修正說明書刪除舊說明書的段落0013與0016

不過,訴願委員會檢視上述附屬請求(auxiliary request 1E)、舊版本說明書、新修正的說明書,以及異議階段的說明書,發現此附屬請求的Claim 1與異議階段口審所提交的說明書版本不一致,訴願委員會作出階段性結論是:此不一致違反了Art. 84 EPC中Claim應受到說明書支持的規定。

(編按,這裡會亂掉,因為異議階段有口審,訴願階段也有口審@#@)

上述Q1議題可以分為兩條線:
first line:說明書應支持(一致/consistent with)修正後專利範圍。
second line:沒有法律基礎(no legal basis)可以因為"修正專利範圍"造成修正後專利範圍與說明書之間的不一致而否決專利申請案。上述Art. 84 EPC並未提供這個法律基礎。

-------------相關判例-------------
T 1989/18
不因為說明書包括未主張權利的專利標的(如實施例)而影響專利範圍的明確性:

Claims本身應在一般技術人員基於先前技術來讀為明確,而不是基於說明書推導的知識:

T 1444/20
專利範圍的明確性甚至不是考慮說明書,而是由擁有通常知識的該領域技術人員來看是明確的:

T 56/21
專利範圍本身在相關領域技術人員為明確,不需要參考說明書內容:

(我覺得有意義,在此貼上各判例意旨)
------------------------------------

(重要)參考上述判例,本篇案例中以上提到的second line,所述Art. 84 EPC(被視為單向行駛的單行道)僅是要求申請專利範圍要受到說明書支持,而不是用來規範說明書的修正。因此,Art. 84 EPC不能是上述second line的法律基礎。

這裡更直白地說,說明書與修正後專利範圍不一致並非是取得專利權的障礙。()

(論述過程很多是根據T 56/21,在此不贅述,有興趣者應該看原文。)

歐洲擴大訴願委員引用前篇G 1/24形成的判例(解釋專利範圍應參照說明書與圖式)。


強調這樣的解釋原則並非是有順序的,而是同時(可理解為兩階段解釋專利範圍):

"Thus the description and drawings are consulted to determine the meaning which the skilled person gives to the claim wording in the context of the application or patent as a whole. Accordingly, G 1/24 is not to be understood as establishing a sequential method under which the claim wording is first construed in isolation and the description and drawings are consulted only at a later stage if uncertainty remains."

參考:解釋專利範圍"應"參照說明書與圖式 - 歐洲擴大訴願委員會G 1/24案(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2026/09/g-124.html

解釋所謂"不一致/inconsistency":


運用G 1/24可以輕易地解決可能專利範圍的解釋有不相容的問題,當相關領域技術人員參考說明書讀Claim時,若有疑慮,其中就有不一致了!!!


這裡提到,不一致,並非僅基於說明書與圖式,還有其他沒有落在專利範圍的其他知識。


通過修正產生的不一致的部分不需要移除,表示EPC並未要求因為修正專利範圍而需適應地改變說明書。

(重要)修改不一致的問題僅會因為不符法律規定,而因為修正導致專利範圍與說明書不一致,並非要求要適應性地修改說明書。


(超酷的論述~~~)

回覆Q1:

當在異議階段或是訴願階段修改專利範圍,而此修改導致與說明書或圖式「不一致」,這時需要符合的是歐洲專利法(EPC)的要求,因此,如果修改導致不符合專利法,就要適應性修正。


回覆Q2:

是否因為「不一致」而要適應性調整說明書(adaptation)?依照擴大訴願委員會的決定,所述調整應基於案件的環境(看來是case by case),如果所謂「不一致」造成不符EPC規定,就要適應式調整。(非常法律的回答)

回覆Q3:NO(沒有不同)

"Thus the description and drawings are consulted to determine the meaning which the skilled person gives to the claim wording in the context of the application or patent as a whole. Accordingly, G 1/24 is not to be understood as establishing a sequential method under which the claim wording is first construed in isolation and the description and drawings are consulted only at a later stage if uncertainty remains."

擴大訴願委員會與訴願委員會的意見有歧異,主要是基於Art. 84 EPC適用的解釋並不相同。

在此結論是:如果修正導致的"inconsistency"違反了EPC,而不是簡單基於與說明書或圖式不一致,就要適應性地調整說明書("necessary to adapt the description, including any drawings")。

Ron

2026年9月10日 星期四

解釋專利範圍"應"參照說明書與圖式 - 歐洲擴大訴願委員會G 1/24案

從工總舉辦的「歐洲專利審查制度與AI發明實務研討會」得知此判例,在此篇簡單解析。

結論是於評價發明專利性時,應參照(shall always be consulted)說明書與圖式,並且這樣的解釋原則並非是在相關領域技術人員認為專利範圍不清楚或模糊的情況下才有效。前句話有一般性意義:申請專利範圍為評價發明專利性的開始點與基礎;後段話就比較強烈一點:並不是在相關領域技術人員覺得範圍/用與模糊時才需參照說明書與圖式。


歐洲擴大訴願委員會(Enlarged Board of Appeal)於2025/6/18判決G 1/24案資訊:



異議人訴願人:Yunnan Tobacco International Co., Ltd.
專利權人/被訴願人:Philip Morris Products S.A.
案件編號:G 0001/24
系爭專利:EP3076804

本案背景系爭專利EP3076804被提起異議(opposition),歐洲異議部門(opposition division)否決異議理由,認為專利有效(23.12.2021);案件提起訴願,歐洲訴願委員會於01.07.2024將解釋專利範圍的問題提交「擴大訴願委員會」(interlocutory decision: T 0439/22)。

系爭專利是一種電子菸,或說形成霧狀物的裝置(vaping device),其中包含"氣溶膠形成材料(aerosol-generating article)",其中核准專利的關鍵是"集合片(gathered sheet)"異議理由是不具新穎性。Claim 1如下:

A heated aerosol-generating article (1000, 2000) for use with an electrically-operated aerosol-generating device (3010) comprising a heating element (3100), the aerosol-generating article comprising an aerosol-forming substrate (1020, 2020) radially encircled by a sheet of thermally-conductive material (1222, 2222), in which the aerosol-forming substrate comprises a gathered sheet of aerosol-forming material circumscribed by a wrapper, the wrapper being the sheet of thermally-conductive material which acts as a thermally-conducting flame barrier for spreading heat and mitigating against the risk of a user igniting the aerosol-forming substrate by applying a flame to the aerosol-generating article.


訴願提出的問題(Q1)主要涉及Art. 69(1) EPC,其中規範專利權由專利範圍定義,而說明書與圖式應被用於解釋專利範圍。訴願主要議題是:

(Q2)在為評價發明專利性時,解釋專利範圍是否可以參照說明書和圖式?如果可以參照說明書與圖式,是否應限於本領域技術人員認為專利範圍不清楚或模糊的情況下?

Article 69 Extent of protection 
(1)The extent of the protection conferred by a European patent or a European patent application shall be determined by the claims. Nevertheless, the description and drawings shall be used to interpret the claims.

案件解析:
本案經異議與訴願委員會判決:專利範圍除非在不清楚時才需參照說明書與圖式來解釋,因此用語給予一般意思解釋。

案件涉及Claim 1的解釋,特別是"gathered sheet"(可翻為"集合片/集合元件"),專利權人認為應以相關領域的一般意義解釋(無須參照說明書與圖式);異議人/上訴人認為若參考說明書解釋,其意義更廣,落於先前技術的揭露內容中,不具新穎性

(編按,特別地,本案為異議案,因此異議人希望專利範圍解釋更廣,但要求參考說明書與圖式解釋;反之,專利權人希望範圍較窄,說明其新穎性。)


我認為可以解釋為:
系爭專利說明書並未直接定義哪個元件是"gathered sheet",但從Fig. 1以及說明書其他段落的描述可理解這是一個集合連續皺褶材料的部件,如圖1中裝設在線軸(bobbin 4)上的「continuous sheet of homogenised tobacco 2」,還有元件:匯聚漏斗10:"The converging funnel 10 gathers the continuous sheet of homogenised tobacco 8 transversely relative to its longitudinal axes."。

(編按,如果沒有明確的元件編號,可視為手段功能用語,顯得用說明書與圖式解讀變得重要,這也符合本案判決的意旨。)

The apparatus shown in Figure 1 generally comprises: supply means for providing a continuous sheet of homogenised tobacco; crimping means for crimping the continuous sheet; rod forming means for gathering the continuous crimped sheet and circumscribing the gathered material with a thermally-conductive aluminium foil wrapper to form a continuous rod; and cutting means for severing the continuous rod into a plurality of discrete rods. 

圖1顯示形成電子菸桿狀結構的裝置:

說明書段落也解釋"gathered sheet"的功能:The aerosol-forming substrate comprises a gathered sheet of aerosol-forming material circumscribed by a wrapper. The wrapper being the sheet of thermally-conductive material. The gathered sheet of aerosol-forming material may be a sheet of tobacco such as a sheet of homogenised tobacco.

在解釋專利範圍的辯論中,有直接根據Article 69 EPC作為在評價發明專利性時解釋專利範圍的根據;另有判例表示唯有在專利範圍不清楚或模糊時才要參照說明書與圖式;另也關連到Article 84 EPC的明確性(claim須被說明書支持)規定。

Art. 69

ONLY:

案件進入歐洲擴大訴願委員會,顯得本案的重要性,判決中也認為這個議題具有"根本重要性",引用涉及Article 69 EPC的前例(如G2/88、G6/88)外,委員會認為上述Art. 69與84適用在侵權議題的法律,並非用於評價發明專利性時解釋專利範圍的原則

這個理解將侵權議題與評價專利性的專利範圍解釋原則分開,但仍可相互參照。如以下節錄內容:


甚至認為Art. 84 EPC僅是提供專利說明書撰寫的,而非解釋專利範圍的指引。

歐洲擴大訴願委員會對於解釋專利範圍的原則結論是:(1)專利範圍是評價專利性的起點與基礎;(2)說明書與圖式總是作為參照以解釋專利範圍,而不僅是在不清楚或是模糊的情況才這樣解釋。

歐洲擴大訴願委員會決議應參酌
說明書與圖式解釋專利範圍(不論是否有不清楚或模糊的情況)


(本案發回訴願委員會,於26.02.2026判決:系爭專利範圍不用參照說明書與圖式,系爭專利具新穎性,異議不成立

筆記:

本案引證前案之一:EP2368449

my two cents:
雖結論很簡單(本篇名稱就是了),但是論述過程才是本案重點,有興趣者應查看判決原文。

根據以上歐洲專利局擴大訴願委員會作出具有約束力的判決,我的意見是,與一般歐洲實務一致,只是更強烈,而且是設定在評價發明專利性時,並且也被用在舉發攻防中專利權人用來限制而迴避引證前案的用途上。

從本案例而言,確實需要從說明書與圖式來解讀「gathered sheet」,如果沒有明確的元件編號,可以解釋為手段功能用語,顯得用說明書與圖式的揭露變得更重要,而不僅是輔助說明而已,符合本案判決的意旨。

上段說明與一般歐洲實務一致,例如(僅是我的感覺),歐洲專利範圍的修正寬容度很小,一般是不能將說明書未寫在申請專利範圍的內容新增或修訂至經審查的專利範圍中、歐洲申請專利範圍"可以/必要時"可以直接引用圖式(須提出理由)、歐洲專利範圍雖不影響解釋,但需要標註圖式編號、修正歐洲專利範圍後,有時會被要求刪除非對應的實施例,...以上種種實務都可說明本次判例作出的解釋申請專利範圍的原則。

EPO Guidelines F-IV, 4.17 References to the description or drawings 

As indicated in Rule 43(6), the claims must not, in respect of the technical features of the invention, rely on references to the description or drawings "except where absolutely necessary". In particular, they must not normally rely on such references as "as described in part ... of the description" or "as illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings".

The emphatic wording of the excepting clause is important to note. The onus is on the applicant to show that it is "absolutely necessary" to rely on references to the description or drawings in appropriate cases (see T 150/82).

An example of an allowable exception is an invention involving a peculiar shape that is illustrated in the drawings but cannot be readily defined either in words or by a simple mathematical formula. Another special case is where the invention relates to chemical products, some of whose features can be defined only by means of graphs or diagrams.


Ron

2026年4月13日 星期一

專利適格性在促進AI創新的角色 - 筆記3

本篇繼前兩篇(已經是1年前了)再補一篇,內容是基於「The Role of Patent (In)Eligibility in Promoting Artificial Intelligence Innovation」的啟發:

- 專利適格性在促進AI創新的角色 - 筆記1(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2025/04/ai-1.html
- 專利適格性在促進AI創新的角色 - 筆記2(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2025/04/ai-2.html

前篇報導:考量AI發明的專利適格性,將AI技術分為三個層次: 
(1) data layer(資料層),這是關於用於訓練AI的訓練資料(training data)、測試資料(testing data)與驗證資料(validation data),經完成訓練後建立AI模型,AI模型最後根據輸入資料產生預測結果等的輸出資料。
(2) application layer(應用層)(i.e., software),這是關於電腦軟體,通過軟體驅動AI系統執行相應的動作、作決定以及產生結果。舉例來說,深度學習模型讓AI搜尋抽象的數據,AI神經網路則是倚賴數學模型執行分析。
(3) system layer(系統層)(i.e., hardware),這是關於AI系統的硬體,即電腦硬體。

(以下是我講義的片段)
1. Patent Eligibility of AI Data

2. Patent Eligibility of AI Applications

3. Patent Eligibility of AI Systems

順帶一提歐洲AI相關專利適格性:

4. AI Patent Litigation
TW:

US:
(訴訟面對到AI發明專利適格性議題時,被挑戰的不會僅是數學問題(這部分常常應該USPTO就解決了),而是應用已知AI技術到特定應用上的情況)
(可參考本文下方補充內容)

5. AI Patent Prosecution
(面對(答辯)因為發明是抽象概念不具專利適格性的全面駁回的範例)


補充內容:

MPEP 2106.05 Eligibility Step 2B: Whether a Claim Amounts to Significantly More

A. Relevant Considerations For Evaluating Whether Additional Elements Amount To An Inventive Concept

The Supreme Court has identified a number of considerations as relevant to the evaluation of whether the claimed additional elements amount to an inventive concept. The list of considerations here is not intended to be exclusive or limiting. Additional elements can often be analyzed based on more than one type of consideration and the type of consideration is of no import to the eligibility analysis. Additional discussion of these considerations, and how they were applied in particular judicial decisions, is provided in in MPEP § 2106.05(a) through (h).

Limitations that the courts have found to qualify as “significantly more” when recited in a claim with a judicial exception include:

重要!(申請專利範圍中為法定例外不予專利時,其中可以具備"實質超越/significantly more"的元件:(i)電腦功能的改善,如DDR案;(ii)技術領域中的技術改良,如Diamond案;(iii)使用在特定機器;(iv)轉換特定物品到另一個狀態;(v)加入已知、常規或習知活動以外的特定限制,使發明有具體應用;(vi)發明具備超過連接法定例外到特定技術環境的有意義的限制。)

  • i. Improvements to the functioning of a computer, e.g., a modification of conventional Internet hyperlink protocol to dynamically produce a dual-source hybrid webpage, as discussed in DDR Holdings, LLC v. Hotels.com, L.P., 773 F.3d 1245, 1258-59, 113 USPQ2d 1097, 1106-07 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (see MPEP § 2106.05(a));
  • ii. Improvements to any other technology or technical field, e.g., a modification of conventional rubber-molding processes to utilize a thermocouple inside the mold to constantly monitor the temperature and thus reduce under- and over-curing problems common in the art, as discussed in Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175, 191-92, 209 USPQ 1, 10 (1981) (see MPEP § 2106.05(a));
  • iii. Applying the judicial exception with, or by use of, a particular machine, e.g., a Fourdrinier machine (which is understood in the art to have a specific structure comprising a headbox, a paper-making wire, and a series of rolls) that is arranged in a particular way to optimize the speed of the machine while maintaining quality of the formed paper web, as discussed in Eibel Process Co. v. Minn. & Ont. Paper Co., 261 U.S. 45, 64-65 (1923) (see MPEP § 2106.05(b));
  • iv. Effecting a transformation or reduction of a particular article to a different state or thing, e.g., a process that transforms raw, uncured synthetic rubber into precision-molded synthetic rubber products, as discussed in Diehr, 450 U.S. at 184, 209 USPQ at 21 (see MPEP § 2106.05(c));
  • v. Adding a specific limitation other than what is well-understood, routine, conventional activity in the field, or adding unconventional steps that confine the claim to a particular useful application, e.g., a non-conventional and non-generic arrangement of various computer components for filtering Internet content, as discussed in BASCOM Global Internet v. AT&T Mobility LLC, 827 F.3d 1341, 1350-51, 119 USPQ2d 1236, 1243 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (see MPEP § 2106.05(d)); or
  • vi. Other meaningful limitations beyond generally linking the use of the judicial exception to a particular technological environment, e.g., an immunization step that integrates an abstract idea of data comparison into a specific process of immunizing that lowers the risk that immunized patients will later develop chronic immune-mediated diseases, as discussed in Classen Immunotherapies Inc. v. Biogen IDEC, 659 F.3d 1057, 1066-68, 100 USPQ2d 1492, 1499-1502 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (see MPEP § 2106.05(e)).

Limitations that the courts have found not to be enough to qualify as “significantly more” when recited in a claim with a judicial exception include:

(申請專利範圍中為法定例外不予專利時,其中"不夠實質超越/significantly more"的元件:(i)在電腦上應用法定例外(如抽象概念);(ii)加入已知、常規與習知活動(高度普遍性);(iii)在法定例外(如抽象概念)加入不重要的額外解決方案(extra-solution activity);(iv)僅一般地連結法定例外到特定技術環境。

  • i. Adding the words “apply it” (or an equivalent) with the judicial exception, or mere instructions to implement an abstract idea on a computer, e.g., a limitation indicating that a particular function such as creating and maintaining electronic records is performed by a computer, as discussed in Alice Corp., 573 U.S. at 225-26, 110 USPQ2d at 1984 (see MPEP § 2106.05(f));
  • ii. Simply appending well-understood, routine, conventional activities previously known to the industry, specified at a high level of generality, to the judicial exception, e.g., a claim to an abstract idea requiring no more than a generic computer to perform generic computer functions that are well-understood, routine and conventional activities previously known to the industry, as discussed in Alice Corp., 573 U.S. at 225, 110 USPQ2d at 1984 (see MPEP § 2106.05(d));
  • iii. Adding insignificant extra-solution activity to the judicial exception, e.g., mere data gathering in conjunction with a law of nature or abstract idea such as a step of obtaining information about credit card transactions so that the information can be analyzed by an abstract mental process, as discussed in CyberSource v. Retail Decisions, Inc., 654 F.3d 1366, 1375, 99 USPQ2d 1690, 1694 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (see MPEP § 2106.05(g)); or
  • iv. Generally linking the use of the judicial exception to a particular technological environment or field of use, e.g., a claim describing how the abstract idea of hedging could be used in the commodities and energy markets, as discussed in Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S. 593, 595, 95 USPQ2d 1001, 1010 (2010) or a claim limiting the use of a mathematical formula to the petrochemical and oil-refining fields, as discussed in Parker v. Flook, 437 U.S. 584, 588-90, 198 USPQ 193, 197-98 (1978) (MPEP § 2106.05(h)).

Ron

2026年1月15日 星期四

引用「圖式或說明書段落」的請求項撰寫規定 - 筆記

多年前曾有討論過專利範圍引用圖式的議題:引用圖示的權利範圍(about claims)(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2013/07/about-claims.html)。

【EPO】歐洲專利審查指南
EPC在專利範圍中引用說明書或圖式的規定如下。

3. The subject-matter of the search
3.2 Interpretation of claims
3.2.1 Claims with explicit references to the description or drawings 

Although explicit references in the claims to features elucidated in the description or in the drawings are only permissible where "absolutely necessary" (Rule 43(6) – see also B‑III, 3.5 and F‑IV, 4.17), claims containing such references are still searched if these features are unambiguously defined by specific parts of the description. (歐洲專利法同意在專利範圍中明確引用說明書或圖式,但是在"絕對必要"時,如果引用特徵為明確定義,仍是要審查~)

However, where the reference does not clearly identify which subject-matter of the description and/or drawings is to be regarded as included in the claim, an invitation under Rule 63(1) is issued. In the special case of an "omnibus claim" (e.g. one reading: "The invention substantially as herein described"), no invitation under Rule 63(1) is issued, and the search report will subsequently be treated as complete. This means that this kind of subject-matter will be dealt with only during examination. (如果專利範圍不清楚指出說明書或是圖式,會作出不完整的檢索報告。)

The same procedure is followed regardless of whether or not the reference to the drawings and/or the description is allowable under Rule 43(6). In either case, the claim will have the same scope: if the reference is not allowable, the applicant will be asked to copy the definition of the technical feature from the description and/or drawings into the claim; if it is allowable, the claim will stay as it is. (如果不允許引用說明書或圖式,會被要求將引用段落複製到專利範圍中)

However, where the reference does not appear to be allowable under Rule 43(6), the search division will object to it in the search opinion (if applicable – see B‑XI, 7).

(以下引用的是PCT-EPO審查指南)
2.2 Interpretation of claims
2.2.1 Claims with explicit references to the description or drawings 

Although explicit references in the claims to features elucidated in the description or in the drawings are only permissible where "absolutely necessary", if claims contain such references, the examiner should strive to search these technical features as long as they are unambiguously defined by specific parts of the description.

However, where the reference does not clearly identify which subject-matter of the description and/or drawings is to be considered as included in the claim, the examiner may informally contact the applicant for clarification before the search is carried out (see B‑VIII, 3.3). In the special case of "omnibus claims" (e.g. a claim reading "The invention substantially as herein described"), no request for informal clarification should be issued, and subsequently the search report will be designated as complete.

The procedure above should be followed regardless of whether or not the reference to the drawings and/or the description is allowable according to Rule 6.2(a).

Where the reference does not appear to be justified, the examiner should raise an objection in the written opinion.

【中華民國專利法審查基準】
【發明】
根據我國專利審查基準第二篇第1章2.3請求項 之記載形式規定,其中表示,在「有絕對必要且以明確為前提」(這是我的理解),可以在申請專利範圍中引用圖式或說明書段落

範例一:

列舉專利範圍中引用的圖一(A)如下,對照專利範圍是要描述其中「四只獨立感測元件」

範例二:

以上引用圖6:

其他範例:(引用"說明書")


【新型】
我國專利審查基準第四篇第1章3.3. 2 申請專利範圍規定,表示「新型涉及之特定形狀"僅"能以圖形界定而無法以文字表示時,可以採用"如圖..."的用語

這個規定其實2009年版就有了:

範例:


其中引用圖1如下:


my two cents:
發現,很多這樣寫的專利是大陸申請人。
是否必要且明確,事實上,新型是沒有被挑戰的,發明呢,多半是化學案有其必要。

(感謝同事分享)

Ron