案件資訊:
原告/上訴人/專利權人:DOGGYPHONE LLC
被告/被上訴人:TOMOFUN LLC
系爭專利:US9,723,813
判決日期:November 21, 2024
本案緣起原告DoggyPhone向被告Tomofun提出侵權告訴,地方法院作出侵權不成立的簡易判決,原告提起上訴。
系爭專利'813為一種提供狗狗與主人的網路通訊系統,Claim 1如下,界定一個提供寵物的通訊系統,包括零食箱(treat bin)、食物分配器(food dispenser)、音訊裝置、傳遞模組,系統可以提供寵物操作而與主人APP的影音通訊,還可取得食物。
7. A system for communicating with a pet, comprising:
a treat bin;
a food dispenser that dispenses treats from the treat bin;
an audio device;
a delivery module that:
receives a treat delivery command; and
in response to the received treat delivery command:
dispenses via the food dispenser at least one treat from the treat bin;
plays via the audio device an audio signal that notifies the pet of availability of a treat; and
receives input from the pet; and
a control that transmits to the delivery module a treat delivery command,
wherein the system:
in response to a first communication command received from a user, transmits to the delivery module the treat delivery command;
plays at least one of live audio or video received from the user of a remote client device; and
transmits to the remote client device at least one of live audio or video of the pet, wherein the system begins transmission to the remote client device of at least one of the audio or video of the pet in response to input from the pet. (根據寵物的輸入系統開始傳送影音到遠端裝置!)
在地院侵權分析使用兩步驟:(1)判斷專利範圍與意義;(2)適當地比對專利範圍與被告侵權物。
被告Tomofun的被告產品「Tomofun | Furbo 狗狗攝影機」(有兩個運作模式:standard mode、Dog Nanny mode),可參考網址https://www.yourator.co/companies/Furbo、https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/63884/tomofun-cto-charles。
地院經調查得出被告侵權產品的技術:Furbo沒有根據寵物輸入開始遠端影音通訊。其中,地院認為Furbo在standard mode並沒有侵害系爭專利權利,因為Furbo並沒有在寵物發出訊息就開始影音視訊,而是要等到使用者(主人)按下通知才開始;在Dog Nanny mode,Furbo將鶯音內容傳送到雲端,接著再傳到使用者裝置。
如果查上述Claim 7傳送影音的動作,是基於寵物的輸入就開始傳送影音內容。經很嚴厲的比對,被告Furbo需要使用者同意傳送才會傳送影音,並且是通過雲端傳送影音。
基於以上對被告侵權產品的技術,地院判決侵權不成立。
針對以上判決,原告當然不會同意,因為系爭專利範圍合理地可理解是因為寵物驅動了傳送影音的程序,其中是沒有交代傳送影音的過程,而非被告產品有更多細節而沒有被系爭專利讀入。
至少原告認為根據寵物的輸入啟動影音傳輸的限制,是導致影音傳輸的"因果鏈/causal chain"("pet’s activity sets off a causal chain that results in transmission of live audio or video"),與我對上述比對的理解相似,甚至連被告DoggyPhone解釋專利範圍也同意系爭專利範圍的最後一個步驟並沒有一定要直接的因果關係("causal connection")。
案件上訴CAFC,CAFC法官同意地方法院判決,包括理解被告侵權產品是由寵物輸入後傳送通知(Notification)到使用者裝置,並且是需要使用者同意才開始影音通訊,也就是說,法院都認為:系爭專利是由寵物啟始影音通訊,但Furbo是使用者同意才開始影音通訊。其中因果關係不同。
我覺得,法院選擇有論辯意義的部分進行侵權討論,事實上系爭專利範圍還有涉及遞送食物的相關結構特徵,這些在本案並沒有談到太多,因為也不會影響侵權不成立的判決。
因此判決侵權不成立。
my two cents:
其實從整個系爭專利Claim 7範圍來看,加上餵食食物的特徵,我覺得Furbo侵權成立的機率不高,但是法院僅針對我認為算有爭辯空間的"transmits to the remote client device at least one of live audio or video of the pet, wherein the system begins transmission to the remote client device of at least one of the audio or video of the pet in response to input from the pet"的動作作為主要論辯基礎。
或許Claim的文字表面意義(plain and ordinary meaning)確實是根據寵物的輸入開始影音通訊,並且系爭專利確實著重的是寵物自己可以啟動視訊的技術,但是似乎也沒有排除人為介入,其中仍應有相應的細節,例如系爭專利說明書也有提到(ICCS就是專利的系統):
"The personal computer 501 includes logic 501 that is configured to communicate with the mobile device 300, the webcam 400, and the ICCS 100″. In particular, the logic 501 is configured to receive inputs from the mobile device 300 and to forward them (or signals based thereon) to the ICCS 100″. The logic 501 is also configured to receive video/audio data from the webcam 400 and forward it to the mobile device 300." 似乎是也具有間接因果關係,而不是直接根據寵物動作就開始視訊。
我認為,法院有點"嚴格地"限縮了專利範圍的解釋,但也提出厲害的見解:the claim language requires that the pet's activity begins transmission, not that the pet's activity simply causes transmission.。雖說解釋專利範圍原則是"plain and ordinary meaning",但寬容度卻是不夠大。
CAFC判決:https://cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions-orders/23-1791.OPINION.11-21-2024_2423054.pdf(備份:https://app.box.com/s/trkkmxddw4zwx9h54l2ef98kym63or1g)
Ron
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