2021年2月23日 星期二

毅力號探測車火星任務筆記

火星探測車「毅力號」(Perseverance Rover)於美東時間2020年7月30日上午7:50由「擎天神5號運載火箭(Atlas V)」搭載出發(Atlas V為洛克希德馬丁公司與波音公司研製),發射後,歷經近七個月飛行後,在美東時間2月18日下午3時55分成功登陸火星,降落在火星傑澤羅隕石坑(Jezero Crater)。(資訊來源參考:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/毅力号火星探测器)。

火星探測車「毅力號」(Perseverance Rover)降落火星示意圖,下降時,搭載毅力號探測車的降落"傘"搭配地形地物感測器,以及8具反推火箭,安全地從進入火星大氣層高速(20,000公里/小時)在極少空氣阻力、較低地心引力的火星表面降落(速度到0),過程僅7分鐘。

毅力號還帶了一架直升機「獨創號(Mars Helicopter Ingenuity)」,火星任務主要是收集各種有關生命(古生物)的信息、採集岩石,最後還要帶回地球。(資訊來源參考:https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-56123923

本篇主要資訊來源:https://www.nasa.gov/perseverance

毅力號設計圖:

Mars Helicopter Ingenuity(參考:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Helicopter_Ingenuity):

毅力號降落到著陸過程:

毅力號探測科技與任務:https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/technology/

毅力號著陸後傳回第一張照片。

毅力號錄到的火星聲音:

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-mars-perseverance-rover-provides-front-row-seat-to-landing-first-audio

整個降落影片:

<iframe width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gm0b_ijaYMQ" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>


NASA相關探測車專利:

US8,030,873揭露一種行動機器人,為NASA設計的一種探測車,可以是月球或火星探測車,主要特徵是其特殊的懸吊系統,可以讓探測車在極為崎嶇的月球或火星表面上移動,月球或火星主要是因為沒有大氣層使得隕石、小行星可以直接撞擊表面,產生很多崎嶇的地形,加上空氣又稀薄,風化效應低,也就不容易有平緩的地面,因此在上面行走的車輛需要很厲害的懸吊。

1. A mobile robotic unit, the mobile robotic unit comprising:

a main body;
a plurality of legs for supporting the main body on and moving the main body in forward and reverse directions about a base surface, each leg including a respective pivotal hip joint, a pivotal knee joint, and a wheeled foot adapted to roll along the base surface;
a drive assembly comprising
a motor operatively associated with the hip and knee joints and the wheeled foot for independently driving pivotal movement of the hip joint and the knee joint and rolling motion of the wheeled foot, and
a plurality of swivel shafts; and
a swivel assembly engaging the plurality of swivel shafts and comprising a fixable element securable relative to the main body, the swivel assembly adapted to cooperate with the swivel shafts to pivot the drive assembly with at least two degrees of freedom relative to the main body, wherein the swivel shafts comprise pinions and the swivel assembly comprises racks which cooperate with the pinions.

其他,USD488093(編按,表面上來看(設計本來就是表面來看),這件名為雅典娜火星探測車的設計,其輪子與懸吊設計與毅力號十分接近)

USD673482


新聞參考:

https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/61412/nasa-perseverance-mars-rover

https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202102190032.aspx

https://technews.tw/2021/02/20/nasas-perseverance-rover-sends-sneak-peek-of-mars-landing/

Ron

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