2026年1月27日 星期二

"about"影響兩件專利的衝突(interference)爭議 - General Hospital Corp. v. Sienna Biopharmaceuticals (CAFC 2018)

本案例涉及的議題是,在化學、醫藥相關專利範圍因為"about"的化學成分(顆粒濃度)解釋範圍產生衝突(interference)的爭議。

"General Hospital Corp. v. Sienna Biopharmaceuticals (CAFC 2018)"案件資訊:
上訴人:THE GENERAL HOSPITAL CORPORATION (GHC)
被上訴人:SIENNA BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
系爭專利:系爭專利申請案No. 13/789,575(PTAB No. 106,037)、US8,821,941
判決日期:May 4, 2018

本案上訴人GHC是系爭申請案No. 13/789,575的申請人,本案被上訴人Sienna擁有美國專利US8,821,941。在2015/10/8,PTAB(根據GHC的建議)宣告兩件案子有衝突(interference),PTAB認為'575的claims 65-67與'941的claims 1-20相衝突,其中'575的claim 65(可參考以下列舉claim 1)界定奈米顆粒的濃度,再通過PTAB的解釋,認為Sienna的範圍涵蓋到系爭申請案'575的範圍這部分涉及專利範圍與說明書中"about"在相關領域可以涵蓋的比例是多少?

PTAB階段:

Sienna則反過來認為系爭專利(申請案)'575並不符合說明書揭露的要求,主張'575為無效,主要理由是「系爭申請案揭露光密度,但不是用每毫升顆粒數(密度)描述配方,是否能將光密度轉換為顆粒濃度的消光係數(extinction coefficient)存在爭議」,PTAB接受的消光係數是來自專家證詞,而不是基於說明書的記載,結果是,PTAB接受Sienna的主張,判定系爭申請案claims 65-67缺乏說明書支持,因此不符35U.S.C.112規定。GHC上訴CAFC。

系爭申請案:
CAFC判決書中提到系爭申請案關於一種「使用奈米顆粒破壞毛囊以移除毛髮的方法」,但是實際看公開說明書專利名稱指的是一種用於卵泡輸送的能量吸收化合物,如果看Claim 1(US2013/0315999)是一種治療或緩解毛囊性皮膚病的方法,方法包括:a) 將包括有吸收光化合物的次毫米顆粒的藥劑塗布在皮膚上;b) 通過機械攪拌、聲波振動、超音波、交替吸力和壓力或微射流,將所述藥劑送至皮膚的毛囊、皮脂腺、皮脂腺導管或漏斗部;以及 c) 使此毫米顆粒暴露於(光)能量激活,藉此治療毛囊性皮膚病。

(僅列舉用於理解發明內容,但非爭議的範圍)
1. A method of treating or ameliorating a follicular skin disease of a subject, the method comprising
a) topically applying a formulation comprising a sub-micron particle comprising a light absorbing compound to a subject's skin;
b) facilitating delivery of said compound to a hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sebaceous gland duct, or infundibulum of the skin by mechanical agitation, acoustic vibration, ultrasound, alternating suction and pressure, or microjets; and
c) exposing said sub-micron particle to energy activation, thereby treating the follicular skin disease.

US8,821,941的claim 1描述一種以熱局部破壞毛囊的方法,不認真翻譯的話,其中講的是塗抹具有奈米顆粒的化合物在皮膚上,再以紅外光照射(暴露)方式損壞毛囊,以除毛或減少頭髮生長。

(僅列舉用於理解發明內容,但非爭議的範圍)
1. A method of localizing thermal damage to a hair follicle, comprising:
applying a composition to a skin surface,
wherein said composition comprises a plurality of unassembled plasmonic nanoparticles,
wherein the unassembled plasmonic nanoparticles comprise a conductive metal portion,
wherein the conductive metal portion comprises at least one of gold or silver,
wherein the unassembled plasmonic nanoparticles have a size in a range of 10 nm to 300 nm,
wherein the unassembled plasmonic nanoparticles comprise a coating that coats the conductive metal portion, wherein said coating facilitates selective removal from the skin surface;
wherein the coating comprises at least one of silica or polyethylene glycol (PEG),
wherein the unassembled plasmonic nanoparticles have a concentration of 10to 1023 particles per ml of the composition, wherein said concentration is sufficient to, after exposure to irradiation, induce thermal damage in the hair follicle;
distributing the composition from the skin surface to the hair follicle to target the hair follicle;
selectively removing the composition from the skin surface, while leaving the composition localized within the hair follicle; and
irradiating the composition with an infrared light source thereby inducing a plurality of surface plasmons in said unassembled plasmonic nanoparticles,
wherein the induction of the surface plasmons generates thermal damage to the hair follicle for at least one of hair removal or hair growth reduction.

CAFC階段:
判斷說明書記載是否符合112規定,考量的是「是否申請案揭露書可以合理地傳達申請日發明人擁有要保護的專利標的給相關領域技術人員」,相關案例是:Ariad Pharm., Inc. v. Eli Lilly & Co., 598 F.3d 1336, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2010) (en banc)

"whether the disclosure of the application relied upon reasonably conveys to those skilled in the art that the inventor had possession of the claimed subject matter as of the filing date."

可參考:說明書揭露的經典案例:說明書揭露的程度 - Ariad v. Eli Lilly (Fed. Cir. 2010)(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2015/06/ariad-v-eli-lilly-fed-cir-2010.html)。

法院關於"about"解釋的立論:

Sienna的'941沒有定義"about",但PTAB考慮專家證詞大約是"10%"的解釋,然而GHC卻沒有任何內外證據的支持包括「正負
20% variation」,因此,就GHC而言,只能反對Sienna解釋"about"在最廣而合理的解釋下為「within 10%」的解釋,卻沒有其他足以支持自己解釋的證據,系爭申請案專利範圍claims 65-67面臨不符合35U.S.C.112說明書支持的問題,因此也就無法證明兩件專利案有衝突(interference)。

判決:CAFC確認PTAB作出系爭申請案claims 65-67因為缺乏說明書支持而無效,但撤回PTAB拒絕GHC提出新增專利範圍請求的決定,因此部分發回重審。

my two cents:
本案有趣值得警惕的是,原來主張專利範圍之間有衝突的GHC,卻因為說明書沒有揭露以證明所主張的範圍,因此衝突不存在,連帶相關專利範圍也無效。


Ron

沒有留言: