訴願號碼:T 1976/19
歐洲專利申請號:10194549.1
公開號:EP2397106
判決日期:11 May 2021
系爭專利關於一種支架植入裝置(stent graft),由"管狀外科移植物外層和可擴張或自擴張的支架組成,“支架植入裝置”用於治療動脈瘤等血管病變,植入物用於阻斷血液流向病變血管的位置。
案件源起系爭專利核准公告後(九個月內可接受異議)經異議後,被異議部門(opposition division)判定撤銷專利,理由是異議過程中修正後的專利範圍超出原申請時說明書內容,但是判定修正後系爭專利範圍中的"相對用語/significantly"為明確,於是專利權人提起歐洲訴願。
系爭專利在異議程序修正後請求項1如下,每個分句前的中括號是訴願委員會加上的,用於標示段落的用途:
根據上述Claim 1內容,有"significantly smaller than...",是個相對用語(relative term),上訴人/專利權人主張"significantly smaller"為清楚,且相對用語原則上是被允許的。
然而,對照(respondent/異議人)主張是"significantly smaller"本質上就是不明確(inherently unclear),也就無法定義出申請專利範圍,認為異議部門錯誤地判定為明確。
訴願階段:
歐洲對於明確性的要求寫在歐洲專利法第84條:
EPC Article 84(每項範圍(獨立項)規定申請專利範圍應定義專利要保護的標的,且應清楚、簡潔,以及被說明書所支持(Article 84 Claims The claims shall define the matter for which protection is sought. They shall be clear and concise and be supported by the description.)。
在專利權人提交的修正main request,就在"smaller"之前加入“significantly",訴願委員會認為這個相對用語讓專利範圍展開來(open)而不清楚系爭專利範圍中相對近端點的半徑曲率是有多“smaller"?
專利權人引用訴願委員會判例決定,當相關領域技術人員可從上下文理解申請專利範圍中的相對用語,相對用語則可被接受。
另一個相對用語 - substantially,專利權人引用說明書記載,但是即便專利權人引章據點證明上述相對用語是明確的,但卻未反映在申請專利範圍中。進一步地,訴願委員會同樣地認為"substantially equal"為不明確。
Claim 3: The vascular repair device of Claim 1, wherein the first stent (23) has a shape that is a periodically changing shape and the proximal (22) and distal apices (24) have substantially equal radii of curvature.
(補充,重要. updated on Oct. 31, 2025)
The appellant argued that the objected term was considered clear by the Opposition Division. In its decision, the Opposition Division found that "significantly" signifies that an observable difference (可觀察的差異) between the two features being compared has to be present (point 16.5.2 of the reasons).
However, as correctly stressed by the respondent, whether something is "observable" is dependent on the manner in which the observation is made(是否可觀察,取決於有觀察的方式). Neither in the relevant art nor in the patent is there an indication as to whether "observable" means observable by the naked eye, or whether it means observable with measuring instruments (本案中,相關技術或專利都沒有指出觀察的手段,不論是眼睛或工具)and, if so, how precise those instruments need to be. The Opposition Division's construction of the term "substantially", therefore, is just as unclear as the objected term itself.
如此,訴願委員會判定系爭專利範圍因為"significantly smaller"而不符Article 84 EPC明確性的規定。
my two cents:
因為要在研討會討論專利用語中的相對用語,剛好看到這件值得討論的案例,就來看看美歐對於相對用語的差別。
根據本次討論歐洲訴願案T 1976/19,可得出,相對用語是否會被接受,仍是case-by-case,然而,相對用語本質上是不明確,儘量不要用在專利範圍,然而,仍要查上下文、相關領域技術人員是否可理解,以及是否可以明確定義出發明專利範圍,當條件足夠,相對用語也是會明確的。
可參考本部落格中關於MPEP2173相關文章:
- "essentially"用語到底明不明確? - In re Marosi (CCPA 1983)(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2025/10/essentially-in-re-marosi-ccpa-1983.html)
- 程度用語 - MPEP 2173.05(b) 筆記(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2025/10/mpep-217305b.html)
Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office決定:https://www.epo.org/boards-of-appeal/decisions/pdf/t191976eu1.pdf
Ron
沒有留言:
張貼留言