MPEP 2173.05(b) Relative Terminology
("相對用語"中的的"程度用語/TERM OF DEGREE")
開宗明義,「程度用語」不必然是不明確的。
在專利範圍中以"程度"描述元件特徵是否明確主要是領域的問題,例如在奈米尺度下描述元件的特性,如高度(e.g., 約5mm)、寬度、比重/濃度(e.g., about 5%)、電氣特徵...,用"模糊"用語來描述,並不會不明確。
在MPEP2173.05(b)I中提到案例 - Interval Licensing LLC v. AOL, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2014),針對專利範圍用語的明確性,參考說明書中是否提出一些明確的解釋。
針對程度用語,階段一:查驗說明書內容是否支持如何量測所述程度?如果說明書沒有提供量測其程度的標準,階段二:由相關領域一般技術人員判斷是否可以確認專利範圍?
可參考本部落格的報導 - 專利範圍的用語明確性需要客觀邊界 - Interval Licensing LLC v. AOL, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2014)(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2025/10/interval-licensing-llc-v-aol-inc-fed.html)。
MPEP 2173.05(b) Relative Terminology
I. TERMS OF DEGREE
專利範圍中程度用語是否明確,需要考量說明書與審查歷史,藉此確認所述程度用語是否有客觀的邊界(objective boundary)。
階段一:... when a term of degree is used in the claim, the examiner should determine whether the specification provides some standard for measuring that degree.
階段二:If the specification does not provide some standard for measuring that degree, a determination must be made as to whether one of ordinary skill in the art could nevertheless ascertain the scope of the claim.
對於程度用語,說明書撰寫原則是,即便沒有精確的量測數值,需要提供範例或是量測其程度的教示。("The claim is not indefinite if the specification provides examples or teachings that can be used to measure a degree even without a precise numerical measurement (e.g., a figure that provides a standard for measuring the meaning of the term of degree.")
審查答辯過程可以嘗試解決不明確程度用語的問題,申請人在審查過程中可以通過提供證據(主要指內部證據)解釋專利範圍中的程度用語,藉此證明相關領域一般技術人員經參考說明書可以確認所述程度用語的邊界。("During prosecution, an applicant may also overcome an indefiniteness rejection by providing evidence that the meaning of the term of degree can be ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the art when reading the disclosure.")
參考案例 - Enzo Biochem, 599 F.3d at 1335, 94 USPQ2d at 1328,針對專利範圍用語"not interfering substantially/不實質干擾",申請人提出宣告(declaration under 37 CFR 1.132 ),列出八個特定連接群(linkage groups)證明沒有實質干擾。
最後,原則是,當專利範圍中使用"相對用語"時,如果相對習知技術的改進完全取決於元件的尺寸或重量(都是屬於相對用語),則公開標準的充分性就顯得更為重要。("When relative terms are used in claims wherein the improvement over the prior art rests entirely upon size or weight of an element in a combination of elements, the adequacy of the disclosure of a standard is of greater criticality.")
Ron
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