這個網站對每個名詞有些概略的解釋
對初學者有點幫助
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/help/item/Term-of-Patent.html
Ron
2009年9月9日 星期三
低電壓伺服器？
最近家中的伺服器掛了
原因找尋中, 從CPU（還有同事支援舊的Cpu）, 主機板...到被入侵（確實曾經有過）, 目前判斷是天氣太熱電源掛了
...
24小時開機, 整年下來也是要花一些錢, 就看看EeeBox這種低電壓的電腦可否
網路上一些人的使用狀況還好, 就買了沒有掛OS的版本, 自己架上linux
首先找上了我最熟悉的Fedora, 目前到11版, 我前次使用竟然是6版, 這段時間大家辛苦了!#!%
網站上很友善地一下子就找到最新版的Live CD
http://fedoraproject.org/
在還未直接安裝完整版以前, 試試看
用外接光碟開機, 確實慢, 但是值得等待, 這也是一種伺服器的方案
而且網站有問題, 馬上從開機就又恢復了
只是一些設定值需要先寫在硬碟或是這台可用的記憶卡中
可參考一下, EeeBox的能耐還要時間證明
Ron
最近家中的伺服器掛了
原因找尋中, 從CPU（還有同事支援舊的Cpu）, 主機板...到被入侵（確實曾經有過）, 目前判斷是天氣太熱電源掛了
...
24小時開機, 整年下來也是要花一些錢, 就看看EeeBox這種低電壓的電腦可否
網路上一些人的使用狀況還好, 就買了沒有掛OS的版本, 自己架上linux
首先找上了我最熟悉的Fedora, 目前到11版, 我前次使用竟然是6版, 這段時間大家辛苦了!#!%
網站上很友善地一下子就找到最新版的Live CD
http://fedoraproject.org/
在還未直接安裝完整版以前, 試試看
用外接光碟開機, 確實慢, 但是值得等待, 這也是一種伺服器的方案
而且網站有問題, 馬上從開機就又恢復了
只是一些設定值需要先寫在硬碟或是這台可用的記憶卡中
可參考一下, EeeBox的能耐還要時間證明
Ron
2009年9月4日 星期五
About Claims XXIV - product-by-process
Product-by-Process Claims
此類寫法是透過流程描述一個物品或元件
特別可用在利用特定方法完成的物品的寫法
以電阻上所被覆的碳為例，即可寫為被覆的碳透過分解碳氫化合物的氣體沈澱於核心上
(a coating of carbon deposited on the core by decomposition of a hydrocarbon gas in the presence of the core)
實務上，可以在獨立項用一般方式描述各元件，而再於附屬項以product-by-process描述特定元件
透過product by process的描述，可以把不是新的元件，寫成利用特別的步驟形成的元件，即具有新穎性了
但針對進步性的判斷，則應該還是視最終產物（final product）是否具有進步性，此時，用何步驟已經不是重點！也就是步驟具有專利性，並不代表最終產物具有專利性，除非此步驟會影響此裝置的特性，則可能因為此步驟具有專利性，而使得整個發明具有專利性！
Patentability of a product-by-process claim is based on the product itself and does not depend on its method of production.
然而，在侵權的角度，Product-by-Process的權利範圍中，其中記載描述特定元件的步驟皆會被作為侵權判斷的範圍
有個範例，提到LED晶圓的製作：
A wafer for production of an LED prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an n-GaAs single crystalline substrate;
(b) contacting the substrate with a melt comprising GaAs and Si in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% at a temperature of from 900 to 950EC;
(c) cooling the melt while maintaining contact with the substrate at a rate of 5E/min to form a Si-doped GaAs epitaxial layer on the substrate comprising a pn junction; and
(d) separating the substrate from the melt.
雖然形式像是流程，但是明顯就是透過流程描述出各部元件，所以專利性仍會考慮最終產物，而非流程步驟
參考資料：Landis on Mechanics of Patent Claim Drafting
http://www.sughrue.com
Ron
此類寫法是透過流程描述一個物品或元件
特別可用在利用特定方法完成的物品的寫法
以電阻上所被覆的碳為例，即可寫為被覆的碳透過分解碳氫化合物的氣體沈澱於核心上
(a coating of carbon deposited on the core by decomposition of a hydrocarbon gas in the presence of the core)
實務上，可以在獨立項用一般方式描述各元件，而再於附屬項以product-by-process描述特定元件
透過product by process的描述，可以把不是新的元件，寫成利用特別的步驟形成的元件，即具有新穎性了
但針對進步性的判斷，則應該還是視最終產物（final product）是否具有進步性，此時，用何步驟已經不是重點！也就是步驟具有專利性，並不代表最終產物具有專利性，除非此步驟會影響此裝置的特性，則可能因為此步驟具有專利性，而使得整個發明具有專利性！
Patentability of a product-by-process claim is based on the product itself and does not depend on its method of production.
然而，在侵權的角度，Product-by-Process的權利範圍中，其中記載描述特定元件的步驟皆會被作為侵權判斷的範圍
有個範例，提到LED晶圓的製作：
A wafer for production of an LED prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an n-GaAs single crystalline substrate;
(b) contacting the substrate with a melt comprising GaAs and Si in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% at a temperature of from 900 to 950EC;
(c) cooling the melt while maintaining contact with the substrate at a rate of 5E/min to form a Si-doped GaAs epitaxial layer on the substrate comprising a pn junction; and
(d) separating the substrate from the melt.
雖然形式像是流程，但是明顯就是透過流程描述出各部元件，所以專利性仍會考慮最終產物，而非流程步驟
參考資料：Landis on Mechanics of Patent Claim Drafting
http://www.sughrue.com
Ron
About Claims XXIII - article of manufacture
Article of Manufacture Claims
美國專利法第101條所提到的manufacture，與apparatus有所不同
裝置範圍中，各元件應有連接關係，為一個整體的發明
所謂article of manufacture，則可准許一些沒有相互連結的元件形成一個專利範圍 但兩者的區隔確實有一些模糊的地帶
article of manufacture的範圍包括列舉特定物品的各部位，如電阻包括：陶瓷核心、包覆碳，與為導電材料的長條結構在核心的兩端；包括可以means plus function方式撰寫
所謂Article of Manufacture Claims就是將一些並非"硬體"相互連結的元件寫在一起，article of manufacture也可用在電腦軟體上
舉例
US 6,233,573為一電腦軟體案，範圍是用以解決臨時詢問的具有多維的資料庫結構的記憶體
1. One or more computer memories collectively containing a dimensional database data structure for resolving temporal queries, comprising:
a time dimension table whose rows each represent a time and are each uniquely identified by a time key;
a second dimension table whose rows each represent one state of a time-variable attribute of a particular item, each row containing an item identifier for the item, a time-variable attribute value, and a time key identifying a row of the time dimension table representing a time at which the time-variable attribute value is effective for the item; and
a fact table whose rows each contain an item identifier identifying an item to which the row relates, such that a temporal query specifying a condition of the time-variable attribute and effective time may be resolved by using the time dimension table to identify rows of the second dimension table satisfying the condition, generating an intermediate table whose rows each contain an item identifier from an identified row of the second dimension table, and joining the intermediate table and the fact table.
US 5,903,881
1. A computer readable memory storing a computer program executable by a processor, for producing a user interface of an online banking system, the user interface comprising:
a first display area for listing a plurality of transaction instructions in a user selected account to be sent to a financial institution for processing, each transaction instruction including a description, and an amount;
a second display area, visually distinguished from and concurrently displayed with the first display area, for listing a plurality of uncleared transactions in the user selected account that have been sent to a financial institution as transaction instructions for processing, each uncleared transaction including a description and an amount;
an executable process that sends a transaction instruction in the first display area to a financial institution for processing, and removes the transaction instruction from the first display area and displays it in the second display area as an uncleared transaction;
a third display area, visually distinguished from and concurrently displayed with the first and second display areas, for listing a plurality of cleared transactions for the user selected account, each cleared transaction including a description and an amount, each uncleared transaction in the second display area being removed therefrom and listed in the third display area as a cleared transaction at a time subsequent to the transaction being cleared by a financial institution; and
a first account balance for the cleared transactions in the user selected account, and a second account balance for both cleared and uncleared transactions in the user selected account, the first and second account balances updated in response to the transactions present in the second and third display areas, and concurrently displayed with the first, second, and third display areas.
參考資料:USPTO, Landis on Mechanics Patent Claim Drafting
Ron
美國專利法第101條所提到的manufacture，與apparatus有所不同
裝置範圍中，各元件應有連接關係，為一個整體的發明
所謂article of manufacture，則可准許一些沒有相互連結的元件形成一個專利範圍 但兩者的區隔確實有一些模糊的地帶
article of manufacture的範圍包括列舉特定物品的各部位，如電阻包括：陶瓷核心、包覆碳，與為導電材料的長條結構在核心的兩端；包括可以means plus function方式撰寫
所謂Article of Manufacture Claims就是將一些並非"硬體"相互連結的元件寫在一起，article of manufacture也可用在電腦軟體上
舉例
US 6,233,573為一電腦軟體案，範圍是用以解決臨時詢問的具有多維的資料庫結構的記憶體
1. One or more computer memories collectively containing a dimensional database data structure for resolving temporal queries, comprising:
a time dimension table whose rows each represent a time and are each uniquely identified by a time key;
a second dimension table whose rows each represent one state of a time-variable attribute of a particular item, each row containing an item identifier for the item, a time-variable attribute value, and a time key identifying a row of the time dimension table representing a time at which the time-variable attribute value is effective for the item; and
a fact table whose rows each contain an item identifier identifying an item to which the row relates, such that a temporal query specifying a condition of the time-variable attribute and effective time may be resolved by using the time dimension table to identify rows of the second dimension table satisfying the condition, generating an intermediate table whose rows each contain an item identifier from an identified row of the second dimension table, and joining the intermediate table and the fact table.
US 5,903,881
1. A computer readable memory storing a computer program executable by a processor, for producing a user interface of an online banking system, the user interface comprising:
a first display area for listing a plurality of transaction instructions in a user selected account to be sent to a financial institution for processing, each transaction instruction including a description, and an amount;
a second display area, visually distinguished from and concurrently displayed with the first display area, for listing a plurality of uncleared transactions in the user selected account that have been sent to a financial institution as transaction instructions for processing, each uncleared transaction including a description and an amount;
an executable process that sends a transaction instruction in the first display area to a financial institution for processing, and removes the transaction instruction from the first display area and displays it in the second display area as an uncleared transaction;
a third display area, visually distinguished from and concurrently displayed with the first and second display areas, for listing a plurality of cleared transactions for the user selected account, each cleared transaction including a description and an amount, each uncleared transaction in the second display area being removed therefrom and listed in the third display area as a cleared transaction at a time subsequent to the transaction being cleared by a financial institution; and
a first account balance for the cleared transactions in the user selected account, and a second account balance for both cleared and uncleared transactions in the user selected account, the first and second account balances updated in response to the transactions present in the second and third display areas, and concurrently displayed with the first, second, and third display areas.
參考資料:USPTO, Landis on Mechanics Patent Claim Drafting
Ron
2009年9月3日 星期四
巴黎公約第四條
巴黎公約第四條
Article 4
其中A項至I項為專利、創作（新型）、工業設計、標誌（Patents, Utility Models, Industrial Designs, Marks），其他還包括優先權、分割申請案等的規定，這些規定適用於成為會員（聯合國）的大多數國家，其實算是已經包括全世界，因為如不是會員（比如台灣）要與會員國來往，自然也適用公約
A.
(1) Any person who has duly filed an application for a patent, or for the registration of a utility model, or of an industrial design, or of a trademark, in one of the countries of the Union, or his successor in title, shall enjoy, for the purpose of filing in the other countries, a right of priority during the periods hereinafter fixed.
A項(1)款
任何人（或其繼承人）在聯合國會員國提出專利申請案，或是登記制的新型案，或是工業設計、商標，應享有申請其他國的一定期限的優先權待遇
(2) Any filing that is equivalent to a regular national filing under the domestic legislation of any country of the Union or under bilateral or multilateral treaties concluded between countries of the Union shall be recognized as giving rise to the right of priority.
A項(2)款
根據各會員國國內法，或是相互（雙邊、多邊）間的約定所提出的申請案，申請人應享有優先權的權利
(3) By a regular national filing is meant any filing that is adequate to establish the date on which the application was filed in the country concerned, whatever may be the subsequent fate of the application.
A項(3)款
所謂一般國家的申請是指任何符合獲得申請日要求（各國要求不一）的申請案
B.
Consequently, any subsequent filing in any of the other countries of the Union before the expiration of the periods referred to above shall not be invalidated by reason of any acts accomplished in the interval, in particular, another filing, the publication or exploitation of the invention, the putting on sale of copies of the design, or the use of the mark, and such acts cannot give rise to any third-party right or any right of personal possession. Rights acquired by third parties before the date of the first application that serves as the basis for the right of priority are reserved in accordance with the domestic legislation of each country of the Union
B項
在任何國家（會員國）提出的後續申請案，在優先權優惠期間內完成的發明，不會使該案無效，特別是指其他公開或使用的發明、設計、商標
C.
(1) The periods of priority referred to above shall be twelve months for patents and utility models, and six months for industrial designs and trademarks.
C項(1)款
上述優先權期限，專利、新型為12個月、設計與商標為6個月
(2) These periods shall start from the date of filing of the first application; the day of filing shall not be included in the period.
C項(2)款
上述期限由第一申請案申請日（當日不計）開始計算
(3) If the last day of the period is an official holiday, or a day when the Office is not open for the filing of applications in the country where protection is claimed, the period shall be extended until the first following working day.
C項(3)款
上述期限的最後一天若為官方規定的假日，應順延至下一工作天
(4) A subsequent application concerning the same subject as a previous first application within the meaning of paragraph (2), above, filed in the same country of the Union shall be considered as the first application, of which the filing date shall be the starting point of the period of priority, if, at the time of filing the subsequent application, the said previous application has been withdrawn, abandoned, or refused, without having been laid open to public inspection and without leaving any rights outstanding, and if it has not yet served as a basis for claiming a right of priority. The previous application may not thereafter serve as a basis for claiming a right of priority.
C項(4)款
若第一申請案被撤回、拋棄、拒絕而未有公開，且未被其他案子引用任何權利，如優先權，則此案即不能再為其他申請案的優先權基礎案
D.
(1) Any person desiring to take advantage of the priority of a previous filing shall be required to make a declaration indicating the date of such filing and the country in which it was made. Each country shall determine the latest date on which such declaration must be made.
D項(1)款
任何主張優先權的人應要求宣告其申請日與國別
(2) These particulars shall be mentioned in the publications issued by the competent authority, and in particular in the patents and the specifications relating thereto.
D項(2)款
上述主張優先權的訊息應記載於公開文件上
(3) The countries of the Union may require any person making a declaration of priority to produce a copy of the application (description, drawings, etc.) previously filed. The copy, certified as correct by the authority which received such application, shall not require any authentication, and may in any case be filed, without fee, at any time within three months of the filing of the subsequent application. They may require it to be accompanied by a certificate from the same authority showing the date of filing, and by a translation.
D項(3)款
主張優先權時，應提出相對前案副本（後申請案申請日後三個月內）
(4) No other formalities may be required for the declaration of priority at the time of filing the application. Each country of the Union shall determine the consequences of failure to comply with the formalities prescribed by this Article, but such consequences shall in no case go beyond the loss of the right of priority.
D項(4)款
優先權主張沒有其他拘泥的格式，即使各國有規定，但其後果應不能使其喪失優先權
(5) Subsequently, further proof may be required.
Any person who avails himself of the priority of a previous application shall be required to specify the number of that application; this number shall be published as provided for by paragraph (2), above.
D項(5)款
應明確記載優先權前案數量
E.
(1) Where an industrial design is filed in a country by virtue of a right of priority based on the filing of a utility model, the period of priority shall be the same as that fixed for industrial designs.
E項(1)款
若有工業設計主張專利案的優先權，應以工業設計的期限為主
(2) Furthermore, it is permissible to file a utility model in a country by virtue of a right of priority based on the filing of a patent application, and vice versa.
E項(2)款
專利、新型可相互主張優先權
F.
No country of the Union may refuse a priority or a patent application on the ground that the applicant claims multiple priorities, even if they originate in different countries, or on the ground that an application claiming one or more priorities contains one or more elements that were not included in the application or applications whose priority is claimed, provided that, in both cases, there is unity of invention within the meaning of the law of the country.
With respect to the elements not included in the application or applications whose priority is claimed, the filing of the subsequent application shall give rise to a right of priority under ordinary conditions.
F項
任何會員國不應拒絕複數優先權，包括來自多個不同國家
G.
(1) If the examination reveals that an application for a patent contains more than one invention, the applicant may divide the application into a certain number of divisional applications and preserve as the date of each the date of the initial application and the benefit of the right of priority, if any.
G項(1)款
經審理，若發現一個申請案包括多個發明案，可要求分割申請，並保留原申請日作為其優先權日
(2) The applicant may also, on his own initiative, divide a patent application and preserve as the date of each divisional application the date of the initial application and the benefit of the right of priority, if any. Each country of the Union shall have the right to determine the conditions under which such division shall be authorized.
G項(2)款
申請人亦可自發地提出分割申請案，並請求原案申請日為優先權日
H.
Priority may not be refused on the ground that certain elements of the invention for which priority is claimed do not appear among the claims formulated in the application in the country of origin, provided that the application documents as a whole specifically disclose such elements.
H項
若優先權基礎案未揭露後申請案中的特定權利範圍，可拒絕其優先權主張
I.
(1) Applications for inventors’ certificates filed in a country in which applicants have the right to apply at their own option either for a patent or for an inventor’s certificate shall give rise to the right of priority provided for by this Article, under the same conditions and with the same effects as applications for patents.
I項(1)款
在一國家提出的發明人證書申請案，申請人有權提出專利申請，或是發明人證書的優先權主張
(2) In a country in which applicants have the right to apply at their own option either for a patent or for an inventor’s certificate, an applicant for an inventor’s certificate shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Article relating to patent applications, enjoy a right of priority based on an application for a patent, a utility model, or an inventor’s certificate.
I項(2)款
發明人證書可基於先前發明、新型、或是發明人證書的申請日，主張優先權
此類話題可參考：MPEP 201.13(a) Right of Priority Based Upon an Application for an Inventor's Certificate
Ron
Article 4
其中A項至I項為專利、創作（新型）、工業設計、標誌（Patents, Utility Models, Industrial Designs, Marks），其他還包括優先權、分割申請案等的規定，這些規定適用於成為會員（聯合國）的大多數國家，其實算是已經包括全世界，因為如不是會員（比如台灣）要與會員國來往，自然也適用公約
A.
(1) Any person who has duly filed an application for a patent, or for the registration of a utility model, or of an industrial design, or of a trademark, in one of the countries of the Union, or his successor in title, shall enjoy, for the purpose of filing in the other countries, a right of priority during the periods hereinafter fixed.
A項(1)款
任何人（或其繼承人）在聯合國會員國提出專利申請案，或是登記制的新型案，或是工業設計、商標，應享有申請其他國的一定期限的優先權待遇
(2) Any filing that is equivalent to a regular national filing under the domestic legislation of any country of the Union or under bilateral or multilateral treaties concluded between countries of the Union shall be recognized as giving rise to the right of priority.
A項(2)款
根據各會員國國內法，或是相互（雙邊、多邊）間的約定所提出的申請案，申請人應享有優先權的權利
(3) By a regular national filing is meant any filing that is adequate to establish the date on which the application was filed in the country concerned, whatever may be the subsequent fate of the application.
A項(3)款
所謂一般國家的申請是指任何符合獲得申請日要求（各國要求不一）的申請案
B.
Consequently, any subsequent filing in any of the other countries of the Union before the expiration of the periods referred to above shall not be invalidated by reason of any acts accomplished in the interval, in particular, another filing, the publication or exploitation of the invention, the putting on sale of copies of the design, or the use of the mark, and such acts cannot give rise to any third-party right or any right of personal possession. Rights acquired by third parties before the date of the first application that serves as the basis for the right of priority are reserved in accordance with the domestic legislation of each country of the Union
B項
在任何國家（會員國）提出的後續申請案，在優先權優惠期間內完成的發明，不會使該案無效，特別是指其他公開或使用的發明、設計、商標
C.
(1) The periods of priority referred to above shall be twelve months for patents and utility models, and six months for industrial designs and trademarks.
C項(1)款
上述優先權期限，專利、新型為12個月、設計與商標為6個月
(2) These periods shall start from the date of filing of the first application; the day of filing shall not be included in the period.
C項(2)款
上述期限由第一申請案申請日（當日不計）開始計算
(3) If the last day of the period is an official holiday, or a day when the Office is not open for the filing of applications in the country where protection is claimed, the period shall be extended until the first following working day.
C項(3)款
上述期限的最後一天若為官方規定的假日，應順延至下一工作天
(4) A subsequent application concerning the same subject as a previous first application within the meaning of paragraph (2), above, filed in the same country of the Union shall be considered as the first application, of which the filing date shall be the starting point of the period of priority, if, at the time of filing the subsequent application, the said previous application has been withdrawn, abandoned, or refused, without having been laid open to public inspection and without leaving any rights outstanding, and if it has not yet served as a basis for claiming a right of priority. The previous application may not thereafter serve as a basis for claiming a right of priority.
C項(4)款
若第一申請案被撤回、拋棄、拒絕而未有公開，且未被其他案子引用任何權利，如優先權，則此案即不能再為其他申請案的優先權基礎案
D.
(1) Any person desiring to take advantage of the priority of a previous filing shall be required to make a declaration indicating the date of such filing and the country in which it was made. Each country shall determine the latest date on which such declaration must be made.
D項(1)款
任何主張優先權的人應要求宣告其申請日與國別
(2) These particulars shall be mentioned in the publications issued by the competent authority, and in particular in the patents and the specifications relating thereto.
D項(2)款
上述主張優先權的訊息應記載於公開文件上
(3) The countries of the Union may require any person making a declaration of priority to produce a copy of the application (description, drawings, etc.) previously filed. The copy, certified as correct by the authority which received such application, shall not require any authentication, and may in any case be filed, without fee, at any time within three months of the filing of the subsequent application. They may require it to be accompanied by a certificate from the same authority showing the date of filing, and by a translation.
D項(3)款
主張優先權時，應提出相對前案副本（後申請案申請日後三個月內）
(4) No other formalities may be required for the declaration of priority at the time of filing the application. Each country of the Union shall determine the consequences of failure to comply with the formalities prescribed by this Article, but such consequences shall in no case go beyond the loss of the right of priority.
D項(4)款
優先權主張沒有其他拘泥的格式，即使各國有規定，但其後果應不能使其喪失優先權
(5) Subsequently, further proof may be required.
Any person who avails himself of the priority of a previous application shall be required to specify the number of that application; this number shall be published as provided for by paragraph (2), above.
D項(5)款
應明確記載優先權前案數量
E.
(1) Where an industrial design is filed in a country by virtue of a right of priority based on the filing of a utility model, the period of priority shall be the same as that fixed for industrial designs.
E項(1)款
若有工業設計主張專利案的優先權，應以工業設計的期限為主
(2) Furthermore, it is permissible to file a utility model in a country by virtue of a right of priority based on the filing of a patent application, and vice versa.
E項(2)款
專利、新型可相互主張優先權
F.
No country of the Union may refuse a priority or a patent application on the ground that the applicant claims multiple priorities, even if they originate in different countries, or on the ground that an application claiming one or more priorities contains one or more elements that were not included in the application or applications whose priority is claimed, provided that, in both cases, there is unity of invention within the meaning of the law of the country.
With respect to the elements not included in the application or applications whose priority is claimed, the filing of the subsequent application shall give rise to a right of priority under ordinary conditions.
F項
任何會員國不應拒絕複數優先權，包括來自多個不同國家
G.
(1) If the examination reveals that an application for a patent contains more than one invention, the applicant may divide the application into a certain number of divisional applications and preserve as the date of each the date of the initial application and the benefit of the right of priority, if any.
G項(1)款
經審理，若發現一個申請案包括多個發明案，可要求分割申請，並保留原申請日作為其優先權日
(2) The applicant may also, on his own initiative, divide a patent application and preserve as the date of each divisional application the date of the initial application and the benefit of the right of priority, if any. Each country of the Union shall have the right to determine the conditions under which such division shall be authorized.
G項(2)款
申請人亦可自發地提出分割申請案，並請求原案申請日為優先權日
H.
Priority may not be refused on the ground that certain elements of the invention for which priority is claimed do not appear among the claims formulated in the application in the country of origin, provided that the application documents as a whole specifically disclose such elements.
H項
若優先權基礎案未揭露後申請案中的特定權利範圍，可拒絕其優先權主張
I.
(1) Applications for inventors’ certificates filed in a country in which applicants have the right to apply at their own option either for a patent or for an inventor’s certificate shall give rise to the right of priority provided for by this Article, under the same conditions and with the same effects as applications for patents.
I項(1)款
在一國家提出的發明人證書申請案，申請人有權提出專利申請，或是發明人證書的優先權主張
(2) In a country in which applicants have the right to apply at their own option either for a patent or for an inventor’s certificate, an applicant for an inventor’s certificate shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Article relating to patent applications, enjoy a right of priority based on an application for a patent, a utility model, or an inventor’s certificate.
I項(2)款
發明人證書可基於先前發明、新型、或是發明人證書的申請日，主張優先權
此類話題可參考：MPEP 201.13(a) Right of Priority Based Upon an Application for an Inventor's Certificate
Ron
2009年9月1日 星期二
Bluetooth是個商標
IBM, Microsoft大家都知道是註冊商標，並不適合寫在專利範圍
此類規定可參考專利審查基準:
說明書中的計量單位應適當使用國家法定度量衡單位（參照度量衡法）或國際單位制計量單位，必要時得使用該領域公知的其他計量單位。此外，應避免使用註冊商標、商品名稱（trade name）或其他類似文字表示材料或物品；若必須使用時，應註明其型號、規格、性能及製造廠商等，以符合充分揭露而可據以實施之要件。
(wikipedia)
從同事處理的一件專利申請案看到Bluetooth雖然是一種公知的通訊協定，但仍是一個註冊商標，該案審查委員即要求要在文件中加上RTM，成為Bluetooth(RTM)
Bluetooth商標為Bluetooth SIG, Inc.（藍牙特別興趣組(SIG,Special Interest Group)）所有雖然這是一個開放（open）的無線通訊協定，但使用上仍需考慮到商標的使用
若在專利文件中要使用此商標（Bluetooth）可參考使用RTM如下：
當然，還有更多是沒有這樣用的，所以，就請參考一下！其他一些業界公認的規格也有這類考量，比如HDMI
Ron
此類規定可參考專利審查基準:說明書中的計量單位應適當使用國家法定度量衡單位（參照度量衡法）或國際單位制計量單位，必要時得使用該領域公知的其他計量單位。此外，應避免使用註冊商標、商品名稱（trade name）或其他類似文字表示材料或物品；若必須使用時，應註明其型號、規格、性能及製造廠商等，以符合充分揭露而可據以實施之要件。
(wikipedia)
從同事處理的一件專利申請案看到Bluetooth雖然是一種公知的通訊協定，但仍是一個註冊商標，該案審查委員即要求要在文件中加上RTM，成為Bluetooth(RTM)
Bluetooth商標為Bluetooth SIG, Inc.（藍牙特別興趣組(SIG,Special Interest Group)）所有雖然這是一個開放（open）的無線通訊協定，但使用上仍需考慮到商標的使用
若在專利文件中要使用此商標（Bluetooth）可參考使用RTM如下：
當然，還有更多是沒有這樣用的，所以，就請參考一下！其他一些業界公認的規格也有這類考量，比如HDMI
Ron
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