美國專利法第102(f)條

美國專利法第102(f)條
A person shall be entitled to a patent unless--
(f) he did not himself invent the subject matter sought to be patented

如果不是申請人/發明人自己的發明，不能獲得專利。

再參考：
台灣專利法第七條的規定：專利申請權及專利權歸屬於雇用人或出資人者，發明人或創作人享有姓名表示權
另在損害賠償相關的規定：發明人之姓名表示權受侵害時，得請求表示發明人之姓名或為其他回復名譽之必要處分

顯然，美國專利法因為發明人不確實是給予更嚴格的專利權無效的處分！
針對發明人如何確認的問題，有時還真的是一件困難的事，可參考M.P.E.P.2137.01中的規定：

2137.01 Inventorship
The requirement that the applicant for a patent be the inventor is a characteristic of U.S. patent law not generally shared by other countries. Consequently, foreign applicants may misunderstand U.S. law regarding naming of the actual inventors causing an error in the
inventorship of a U.S. application that may claim priority to a previous foreign application under 35 U.S.C. 119. A request under 37 CFR 1.48(a) is required to correct any error in naming the inventors in the U.S. application as filed. MPEP § 201.03. Foreign applicants may need to be reminded of the requirement for identity of inventorship between a U.S. application and a 35 U.S.C. 119 priority application. MPEP § 201.13.
這裡是提醒，可能有些國家對發明人的規定不同，USPTO要求進入美國的申請案需要"真正的發明人"，尤其是在有主張優先權的申請案，在申請時，可依據CFR1.48(a)進行修正。

If a determination is made that the inventive entity named in a U.S. application is not correct, such as when a request under 37 CFR 1.48(a) is not granted or is not entered for technical reasons, but the admission therein regarding the error in inventorship is uncontroverted, a rejection under 35 U.S.C. 102(f) should be made.
如果申請後得知發明人不正確，且又不符CFR 1.48(a)的規定，無法修正，則會遭受102(f)的核駁

上述有關37 CFR 1.48(a)的規定Amendment of the inventorship requires:
在沒有欺騙的前提下，可以

1. A request to correct the inventorship that sets forth the desired inventorship change;
2. A statement from each person being added as an inventor and from each person being deleted as an inventor that the error in inventorship occurred without deceptive intention on his or her part;
3. An oath or declaration by the actual inventor or inventors as required by § 1.63 or as permitted by § § 1.42, 1.43 or § 1.47;
4. The processing fee set forth in § 1.17(i); and
5. If an assignment has been executed by any of the original named inventors, the written consent of the assignee (see § 3.73(b) of this chapter).

補充，MPEP在Inventorship的定義有以下規定：

1. EXECUTORS OF OATH OR DECLARATION UNDER 37 CFR 1.63 ARE PRESUMED TO BE THE INVENTORS
   申請後，USPTO會假設寫在宣誓書中的人就是發明人，並且若一個申請案之後專利權不會被分割，也不會去推就什麼請求項或是元件是哪一個發明人
   
   
2. AN INVENTOR MUST CONTRIBUTE TO THE CONCEPTION OF THE INVENTION
   發明人應該就是有貢獻概念的人，依照定義，只是讓發明付諸實現的人不是發明人
   
   
3. AS LONG AS THE INVENTOR MAINTAINS INTELLECTUAL DOMINATION OVER MAKING THE INVENTION, IDEAS, SUGGESTIONS, AND MATERIALS MAY BE ADOPTED FROM OTHERS
   發明人是發明、提供構想的人，他應該是在過程中決定使用什麼方法、材料的人，直到成功
   
   
4. THE INVENTOR IS NOT REQUIRED TO REDUCE THE INVENTION TO PRACTICE
   發明人並非只是付諸實現(reduction to practice)的人，尤其在team work中，發明人是指提供指導與方向的人
   
   
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINT INVENTORSHIP
   針對一個發明案來說，一個Claim應該有一個發明人，除了只有一個發明人完成所有Claims之外，很有可能是協同作業(collaboration)，有共同發明人，同樣，其中每個發明人須對此發明概念有貢獻
   
   
6. INVENTORSHIP IS GENERALLY "TO ANOTHER" WHERE THERE ARE DIFFERENT INVENTIVE ENTITIES WITH AT LEAST ONE INVENTOR IN COMMON
   通常，在前的申請案會成為在後申請案的"前案"，除非是前後案有至少一位共同發明人，比如：後申請案有主張前申請案的益處，是符合35 U.S.C.120的後續案，便不能用102(e)核駁；前後案為同一個人所擁有，或簽署共同研究的合約
   
   

Ron