2020年3月11日 星期三

電腦中通用元件並不具備進步特徵 - Customedia v. Dish Network (Fed. Cir. 2020)

案件資訊:
上訴人/專利權人:CUSTOMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
被上訴人:DISH NETWORK CORPORATION, DISH NETWORK LLC
系爭專利:US8,719,090, US9,053,494 (CBM2017-00023, CBM2017-00032)
判決日:March 6, 2020

本案合併兩件系爭專利有關35 U.S.C. § 101, 102議題的專利有效性訴訟案,皆為CBM案的上訴案。

系爭專利'090與'494為同一專利家族,關於線上數位內容借閱的資料處理技術,技術提出一種遠距交易伺服器本地端的資料管理系統,以及影音記錄與播放的裝置,其中遠距交易伺服器提供內容與交易服務給本地端內容,之後可將各方提供數位內容提供他人租賃,例如通過STB傳送到消費者端。

'090的Claim 1關於自動傳送媒體內容的系統。
1. A data delivery system for providing automatic delivery of multimedia data products from one or more multimedia data product providers, the system comprising:
a remote account transaction server for providing multimedia data products to an end user, at least one of the multimedia data products being specifically identified advertising data; and

a programmable local receiver unit for interfacing with the remote account transaction server to receive one or more of the multimedia data products and for processing and automatically recording the multimedia data products, said programmable lo-cal receiver unit including at least one individually controlled and reserved advertising data storage section adapted specifically for storing the specifically identified advertising data, said at least one advertising data storage section being monitored and controlled by said remote account transaction server and such that said specifically identified advertising data is delivered by said remote ac-count transaction server and stored in said at least one individually controlled and reserved advertising data storage section.



本案被上訴人DISH對系爭專利提出CBM異議程序,即主張系爭專利為商業方法且不符專利適格性,PTAB也作出系爭專利多項專利範圍不具可專利性的結論。其中有部分為102, 103, 112議題,但不在此討論。

案件經專利權人Customedia上訴,DISH針對部分決定也提出交叉上訴,針對專利適格性議題,審判標準即TWO-STEP規則。

Alice Step One:發明(專利範圍)是不是涉及抽象概念?

法院判斷系爭專利僅為一般目的電腦(非特定電腦裝置)實現的技術,也非用於改善電腦的功能(發明人主張專利改善了電腦功能),認為發明屬於抽象概念。

CAFC認為系爭專利中,針對特定目標投放廣告的技術(targeted advertising),電腦僅是工具而已,不屬於改善電腦本身功能的技術。



(編按,反之,若為特定裝置執行的發明,或是用於改善電腦功能的發明,即非抽象概念,為可專利標的)

這裡對專利權人常用來證明軟體專利具有可專利性的引用前例"Enfish, LLC v. Microsoft Corp."案提出不錯的解釋:



若專利關於"電腦能力"的改善,但電腦本身僅是一個"工具",相關流程仍是抽象概念!



若專利固有地應用在電腦上改善了速度與效能,仍不足以讓專利範圍如改善電腦本身功能為可專利的發明



Alice Step One的結論是:若要證明為涉及改善電腦功能的可專利標的,申請專利範圍應關於改善電腦或網路平台本身的功能

"In sum, “software can make non-abstract improvements to computer technology just as hardware improvements can.” Enfish, 822 F.3d at 1335. But to be directed to a patent-eligible improvement to computer functionality, the claims must be directed to an improvement to the functionality of the computer or network platform itself."

CAFC不認為系爭專利為改善電腦本身功能的技術,僅是固有地改善電腦速度與效能,電腦本身僅是工具,系爭專利為抽象概念。

Alice Step Two:判斷專利範圍是否具有可轉換為可專利應用的額外元件(additional elements)

關於這個判斷,CAFC同意PTAB決定,認為系爭專利範圍中的個別元件或其組合並不具備進步概念(inventive concept),主要理由是專利範圍僅描述一般電腦元件,其中的接收器、儲存裝置、伺服器與處理器皆為通用的硬件而不足以轉換抽象概念為可專利應用!



專利範圍僅是引述這些已知、常規與習知(understood, routine, conventional)的通用元件,並不具備進步特徵,結論:系爭專利缺乏專利適格性。


my two cents:

我感覺法官在本案例中顯得嚴厲了一些,即便如此,其中法院的解釋與判斷仍是判斷101要件的很有用的資訊。
判決文:
https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/cafc/18-2239/18-2239-2020-03-06.pdf?ts=1583512287(備份:https://app.box.com/s/2rxfjzt94ii8eoa4vg27zkhjjlj0gml2

Ron

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