2023年6月9日 星期五

WIPO優先權筆記

找優先權相關資訊時,看到了這篇WIPO文章「Topic 11: Priority Claims and Prior Art」,發布日期:15 March 2016,可參考:

本篇針對WIPO專利申請案(PCT申請案)筆記:

文章列舉一範例,claims如下,其中附屬項撰寫方式是典型的EP寫法:


WIPO(不核發專利)對PCT申請案提出初步審查報告(international preliminary examination),檢索先前技術,先要確認審查基準日,即申請案申請日,若主張優先權,以優先權日為準,據此檢索有效先前技術,這時就涉及「優先權/priority」是否有效?

有效的優先權,要件就是優先權案說明書有揭露後申請案請求項中的技術特徵。

以下規定是摘錄「Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (July 1, 2022版)」:


優先權有效,就以優先權日檢索先前技術,WIPO新穎性審查是以申請日/優先權日以前已公開給大眾的文獻(available to public)為準。


[複數優先權]
單一優先權好理解,複數優先權就較複雜,一件專利申請案就其請求項,可以逐項主張不同的優先權,有效優先權案是要與申請案有共同發明人或申請人。

若一件專利申請案主張複數優先權,要如何決定有效的先前技術?


重要:一件專利申請案主張複數優先權,但其中最早優先權日仍應在申請案申請日前一年內,也就是多件優先權案的申請日需要"擠在"專利申請案申請日前的一年內。(編按,本篇是討論PCT申請案,PCT申請案可以主張PCT申請日之前一年內更早的優先權。)

所謂"invention",就是指寫在請求項中主張權利的發明,因此優先權主張是各別申請專利範圍的主張。


當申請案主張複數優先權,新穎性前案檢索將有困難,需要考量各別優先權日分別檢索。


上述「複數優先權(multiple priorities)」主要是針對每一項請求項各別主張單一優先權,多個請求項就會主張複數優先權。

[組合優先權]
然而,有個更複雜的情況,後申請案的一項請求項特徵分別揭示於不同的前申請案中(申請日前一年內前申請案,並要有共同發明人或申請人),情況如下:


從這張表來看(OSF指後申請案的申請局),後申請案的請求項claim 1, 2組合了不同前申請案揭示的特徵,claim 3的特徵則是被priority 2涵蓋,以claim by claim審查原則,claims 1, 2審查基準日就是申請案本身的申請日,而claim 3則可溯及priority 2的申請日。


(重要)優先權主張的原則是:若請求項(逐項考慮)中技術特徵"全部揭露"在優先權案中,新穎性審查就以優先權日為基準日;若請求項技術特徵"並非全部揭露"在前申請案中,並非可被接受的優先權,因此新穎性審查就以申請案本身的申請日為基準日。

(重要)另一特別的是,當申請案主張優先權,此優先權案本身已經主張更早的另一優先權,情況一,如果更早優先權並未被公開、或是被撤銷、拋棄、被拒絕,表示沒有任何權利存在,此申請案的優先權案有效;情況二,如果申請案揭露於其優先權案的特徵並未揭露在更早優先權中申請案的優先權案有效

申請案主張的優先權本身也主張另一件更早的優先權,如果更早優先權案優先權日仍在申請案申請日後一年內,優先權主張有效。


(重要)EPO並不承認美國CA、CIP等作為優先權案,主要理由是這些申請案的內容已經揭露於更早申請案中。


1.4 First application 
The filing date of the "first application" must be claimed as a priority, i.e. the application disclosing for the first time any or all of the subject-matter of the European application. If it is found that the application to which the priority claim is directed is in fact not the first application in this sense, but some or all of the subject-matter was disclosed in a still earlier application filed by the same applicant or a predecessor in title, the priority claim is invalid in so far as the subject-matter was already disclosed in the still earlier application (see F‑VI, 1.4.1).

To the extent the priority claim is invalid, the effective date of the European application is the date of its filing. The previously disclosed subject-matter of the European application is not novel if the still earlier application referred to above was published prior to the effective date of the European application (Art. 54(2)) or if the still earlier application is also a European application which was published on or after the effective date of the European application in question (Art. 54(3)).

Ron

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