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2173.05(b) Relative Terminology
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E.“Type”
The addition of the word “type” to an otherwise definite expression (e.g., Friedel-Crafts catalyst) extends the scope of the expression so as to render it indefinite. Ex parte Copenhaver, 109 USPQ 118 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1955). Likewise, the phrase “ZSM-5-type aluminosilicate zeolites” was held to be indefinite because it was unclear what “type” was intended to convey. The interpretation was made more difficult by the fact that the zeolites defined in the dependent claims were not within the genus of the type of zeolites defined in the independent claim. Ex parte Attig, 7 USPQ2d 1092 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1986).
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根據以上提到「type」相對用語，在一個明確的用語上加上"type"會擴大解釋範圍而使其變的不明確。
案例一：Ex parte Copenhaver, 109 USPQ 118 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1955)
例如元件「Friedel-Crafts catalyst」改寫為「Friedel-Crafts type catalyst」，將形成不明確的範圍。
查Google Patents得到US2882305 ，關於一種有機膦酰鹵化物的生產方法：https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/10/77/03/ddc8e79d640be7/US2882305.pdf
案例二：Ex parte Attig, 7 USPQ2d 1092 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1986)
此案例中有個元件「“ZSM-5-type aluminosilicate zeolites”（ZSM-5型鋁矽酸鹽沸石）」被判定是不明確，理由是加上了＂type＂這個字。並且，當在附屬請求項中定義元件「沸石（zeolites）」，卻非落於獨立請求項中的沸石類型（genus of type of zeolites）中，這讓專利範圍解釋更加困難。
查Google Patents得到US4736054：https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/e5/8f/fe/0d7068992a7393/US4736054.pdf
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