[相關法條:35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)] (比"申請日")"技術揭露在專利相關文獻中,若其申請日在系爭專利「有效申請日」之前,則違反新穎性規定。
35 U.S.C. 102 CONDITIONS FOR PATENTABILITY; NOVELTY.
(a) NOVELTY; PRIOR ART.—A person shall be entitled to a patent unless—
- (2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151(核准公告), or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b)(專利公開), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention.
IPR2014-01093案件資訊:
IPR訴願人:ARIOSA DIAGNOSTICS
專利權人:ILLUMINA, INC.
系爭專利:US7,955,794
US7,955,794資料:
專利權人:Illumina Inc.
優先權日:2000-09-21
爭議的先前文獻是:US2002/0172946
專利權人:University of California, Illumina Inc.
優先權日:2000-02-07
其他還有三件先前技術,整體來說,在IPR中提出的無效理由是:
從以上資訊來看,系爭專利優先權日可以溯及Provisional Application的申請日:2000-09-21,先前技術'946(Fu)也是同一申請人的申請案,優先權日溯及Provisional Application申請日:2000-02-07。表面看來是「適格的先前技術」。
根據IPR終判文,前案'946(Fu)幾乎可涵蓋全部系爭專利'794全部內容,主要差異在"detect DNA using primer extension coupled with ligation"這個點,但卻也不是寫在系爭專利的專利範圍中!
審理過程中,PTAB查閱了各案的優先權文件內容,特別是系爭專利與主要引證案Fu都溯及最早Provisional Application(臨時申請案)的優先權日,因此Provisional Application內容也是查閱的必要,更需要檢討系爭專利的審查歷史。
系爭專利在獲准前曾有答辯修正,主要請求項修正如下(引用自IPR終判):
經專家證詞、解釋專利範圍後,比照先前技術,其中有趣的議題是,Fu案是否是個適格的102先前引用文獻?(其他103議題在此不討論)
在各種前案交叉引用的無效理由中,前案Fu占了重要的地位,由於Fu與系爭專利有相同開發者與申請人等稍微複雜的關係(相關文獻都可證明這些關聯性),專利權人提出在In re Katz(pre-AIA)建立的規則下(一年的專利優惠期,僅考慮美國申請日,且不論先前公開的形式,且前後不一定要一致,而是只要威脅到專利性即可排除),主張先前文獻Fu案應該被移除。
[MPEP相關規定]
MPEP 2133 Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(pre-AIA)
II. THE 1-YEAR TIME BAR IS MEASURED FROM THE U.S. FILING DATE
If one discloses his or her own work more than 1 year before the filing of the patent application, that person is barred from obtaining a patent. In re Katz, 687 F.2d 450, 454, 215 USPQ 14, 17 (CCPA 1982). The 1-year time bar is measured from the U.S. filing date. Thus, applicant will be barred from obtaining a patent if the public came into possession of the invention on a date before the 1-year grace period ending with the U.S. filing date. It does not matter how the public came into possession of the invention. Public possession could occur by a public use, public sale, a publication, a patent or any combination of these. In addition, the prior art need not be identical to the claimed invention but will bar patentability if it is an obvious variant thereof. In re Foster, 343 F.2d 980, 145 USPQ 166 (CCPA 1966). See MPEP § 706.02 regarding the effective U.S. filing date of an application.
IPR終判是,專利權人"成功地"排除自己的先前技術Fu,但是仍在其他前案的組合下不具非顯而易見。
IPR最終判決:https://app.box.com/s/pw11rcjw3004nkcre03mop7ps2rwdxxk(備份)
本案訴願人上訴CAFC,CAFC僅以兩頁內容回應,認為PTAB在102的先前技術的判斷上無誤,確認PTAB決定。(CAFC判決:http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/16-2388.Opinion.12-8-2017.1.PDF)
這個爭議將可能進入最高法院,進一步資料參考:
https://patentlyo.com/patent/2018/07/diagnostics-provisional-application.html
其他補充:
因為USPTO網站改變了搜尋PTAB IPR案的連結,這裡做一點註記。
直接連結:https://www.uspto.gov/patents-application-process/patent-trial-and-appeal-board/trials/patent-trial-and-appeal-board-end
從USPTO首頁開始,Patents選單的下拉視窗中點入「Patent Trial and Appeal Board」,連結到PTAB頁,其中有「Decisions」可找終審案件,可用專利號碼、發明人等欄位檢索,但若已經知道IPR案號,就用「Trials」連結進入「PTAB End to End」搜尋網頁,可看到比較多細節。
要turn on "AIA review"的按鈕。
Ron
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