enpan's Patent & Linux practice: A.I.律師

2016年9月6日星期二

A.I.律師

全世界最大律師事務所之一Baker & Hostetler僱用了IBM開發的華生（Watson）超級電腦實現的人工智慧律師（法律專家）- ROSS來研究法律案例，能以自然語言提供法律諮詢服務，其主要的能力是能夠閱讀/分析大量產出的法律意見與判決，並且隨時監控最新產出的案例與判例，經過大數據分析後，成為提供法律諮詢服務的依據。

ROSS：http://www.rossintelligence.com/

從IBM專利來搜尋人工智慧，很多，也發展地很早，列舉一件：

US9336485，專利名稱很"傳神"，提出的答覆系統能夠在答案並非在資料庫/文集內時回答問題，顯然是個人工智慧的技術，可以透過演算判斷出答案，而非是制式地從資料庫比對出答案來。請求項不短，這樣的範圍通常不認為是好的範圍，但是技術領先的人可能不會擔心這樣的範圍不夠廣。

"For example, by parsing the input question 510 and extracting the identifiable features from the input question 510, it can be determined that the input question is directed to sports, baseball, financial services, healthcare, medical diagnosis, legal advice, or any of a plethora of other domains for which the QA system is configured to answer questions."

請求項1界定在文集內沒有答案時能根據問題回答問題的方法，方法大概是在得到問題時，先找到候選答案，每個候選答案都給予分數，判斷其中是否有超過最低標準的答案，之後才是重點（通常claim這部分即可），當沒有候選答案高於最低標準，就分析問題，判斷問題的領域，取得註解（annotator），找出領域內的用語與語句，從文集找出組成內容，計算「domain specific calculable values」，最後依據這個值輸出回答問題的答案。

1. A method, in a data processing system comprising a processor and a memory, for generating an answer for an input question when the answer is not directly present in a corpus of information, the method comprising:

receiving, in the data processing system, an input question from a computing device;

processing, by the data processing system, the input question to generate a first set of candidate answers to the input question and corresponding confidence scores for each candidate answer in the first set of candidate answers;

determining, by the data processing system, whether at least one of the candidate answers in the first set of candidate answers has a corresponding confidence score equaling or exceeding a minimum confidence score value, wherein the answer to the input question is determined to not be directly provided in the corpus of information with a predetermined level of confidence if none of the candidate answers in the first set of candidate answers has a corresponding confidence score equaling or exceeding the minimum confidence score value; and

in response to the answer to the input question not being directly provided in the corpus of information with the predetermined level of confidence:

analyzing, by the data processing system, the input question to determine whether the input question is requesting an answer that is calculable at least by:

determining a domain of the input question, wherein the domain indicates a subject matter area context of the input question, and wherein the domain is one of a plurality of domains for which input questions are received by the data processing system; and

invoking one or more domain specific annotators, corresponding to the determined domain, to analyze the input question, wherein the one or more domain specific annotators are configured to identify domain specific terms or phrases, specific to the determined domain of the input question, which are indicative of the answer being calculable; and

in response to a determination that the input question is requesting an answer that is calculable:

retrieving, by the data processing system, from a corpus of information, one or more constituent data values for calculating the requested answer to the input question;

calculating a value corresponding to the requested answer based on the one or more retrieved constituent data values; and

outputting, by the data processing system, the calculated value as the requested answer to the input question, wherein calculating the value corresponding to the requested answer comprises invoking the one or more domain specific annotators to perform domain specific calculations to generate domain specific calculable values that are specific to the determined domain of the input question, and wherein different domains are associated with different sets of domain specific terms or phrases and domain specific calculable values.

是否這就是直指Watson提供的法律諮詢服務？看來相關性不小，但感覺這個專利很「抽象概念」，從專利範圍來看，企圖與機器緊密結合，但也不外乎是一個一般目的電腦執行的行為。

事實上，IBM Watson還有很多其他領域的服務。
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/5-companies-using-ibm-watson-to-power-their-business/?cm_mc_uid=31455917358214730563473&cm_mc_sid_50200000=1473124556

幫助醫生（獸醫）診斷與治療：
http://www.lifelearn.com/

環境工程：ENGEO

健康與健身諮詢：
https://www.cafewell.com/

專家/治療師聊天/諮詢：
https://www.talkspace.com/

幫助使用者收集音樂與意見：Decibel Music Systems

WATSON
http://www.ibm.com/watson/