2017年6月7日 星期三

技術本質中非技術問題的問題 - 歐洲訴願案T 1670/07討論

本篇討論技術本質中非技術問題的問題,若發明關於多個店家的選擇順序、提供購物行程等活動,都被認為不具技術特點,不予專利。其中關鍵理由是解決人的智力活動的技術非技術特點,或說,有人為介入的發明無法產生技術效果。

T 1670/07案資訊:
訴願號:T 1670/07
歐洲專利申請號:EP00960904.1
歐洲專利公開號:EP1216450(相對美國案:US6954735)

系爭案關於一種利用行動裝置執行購物的方法,為了要促進消費,系統主動根據消費者想要消費的項目提供與裝置地理相關的多個店家,提供的清單中還包括選擇順序與購物行程。

請求項1如下(美國案就以這樣的範圍(僅差一點點描述而已)獲准,顯然當年美歐對此標準不一),此適地性的購物服務為系統與行動裝置通訊號,提供物品與服務的購物選擇,之後提供有提供這些商品或服務的店家資訊,包括購物行程。
1. A method of facilitating shopping with a mobile device to obtain a plurality of purchased goods and/or services from a group of vendors located at a shopping location comprising: 

communicating from the mobile device with at least one server a selection of the goods and/or services to be purchased by a user of the mobile device on or before the user shops at the shopping location; 

the at least one server, in response to information stored therein regarding vendors located at the shopping location and the goods and/or services offered by the vendors and the selection of the plurality of goods and/or services to be purchased by the user, causes at least an identification of the vendors from which available selected goods or services may be purchased and the available selected goods and/or services to be transmitted to the mobile device; and 

the mobile device provides to the user an identification of the available selected goods and/or services to be purchased and an itinerary of the user setting forth at least a choice of an order in which the user visits the identified vendors to obtain the goods and/or services to be purchased which is a function of at least one profile of the user.

[相關法條]
1973年Art. 56 EPC
An invention shall be considered as involving an inventive step if, having regard to the state of the art, it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art. If the state of the art also includes documents within the meaning of Article 54, paragraph 3, these documents are not to be considered in deciding whether there has been an inventive step.

本案緣起歐洲專利局駁回專利申請案,理由是結合先前技術與一般常識作出不具進步性的決定,申請人提出訴願。

與歐洲審查實務一致,申請人通常可以提出多套專利範圍進行訴願,包括其中口頭審理程序,先前技術揭露根據行動裝置位置提供最近的店家的技術,兩者都是適地性服務,但系爭案提供的內容更包括根據消費者想要消費的"多件"商品或服務提供多間店家與購物行程,仍具有差異,而其中購物行程更考量了消費者資料。

然而,訴願委員會與歐洲專利局審查委員一樣,認為從多個店家得到多個商品(店家順序)並非技術特點,沒有技術貢獻,也無從審查其進步性。

(重要)從訴願委員會引用前例來看:
-- T 26/86,當專利範圍混合了「技術特點」與「非技術特點/非技術問題」,整體來說,產生了技術效果。
-- T 158/88,當技術特徵與非技術特徵產生的效果差異僅在「資訊表示」,並非技術效果。
-- T 603/89,當技術特徵結合了非技術特徵後,產生的效果僅改善了人的智力活動,並非技術效果。

訴願委員會認為,本案「店家的選擇」非技術效果,而僅是一些技術元件的「互動」,仍不足以讓整個流程具有技術效果;同理,傳送選擇也如一般資訊傳播,非技術效果。這些都是屬於一種"technical leakage fallacy"(可能翻為"技術洩漏謬誤"),大約就是指這是一種謬誤:實現內在技術本質是回到內在非技術本質的問題。

"However, in the Board's view, this is an instance of the well known argument that could be termed the "technical leakage fallacy", in which the intrinsic technical nature of the implementation leaks back into the intrinsically non-technical nature of the problem. "

其實系爭案與引證案提供單一店家(最近店家)的技術仍具有差異,只是訴願委員會認為,或許其中有技術元件,如行程導航,系爭案技術僅涉及提供選項,產生購物行程也非技術特點,僅為人的行為,因此認定系爭案為產生非技術效果的發明,不予專利。

訴願決定中特別提到,當有一連串技術效果中,若有人為因素介入,將破壞整個技術流程,也就使得發明產生非技術效果。


T 1670/07案歐洲訴願決定:https://app.box.com/s/091yyesle8ffqdscxk0sllafadf9byz0

Ron

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