2017年6月26日 星期一

伊凡卡川普的時尚戰爭 - Aquazzura Italia SRL v. Trump, 16-cv-04782

案件討論:Aquazzura Italia SRL v. Trump, 16-cv-04782, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan)

樹大招風嗎?有事實,有根據,但似乎也有我們不曉得的意圖,至少變成許多新聞焦點都是因為她的美國總統老爸。

在2016年6月(當時川普還在競選)義大利製鞋商Aquazzura Italia對伊凡卡川普(Ivanka Trump)的公司提出「鞋子」"Trade Dress"侵權告訴。被告包括:伊凡卡與她的公司、IT Collection LLCMarc Fisher Holding等。到了今年,法官要求伊凡卡川普出面說個明白。

Aquazzura Italia的鞋款「Wild Things」:

(圖案截自:https://www.aquazzura.com/en/search.html?word=Wild+Things


(圖案節自:https://www.aquazzura.com/en/boutique-online/woman/view-all/sandals/heels/wild-thing-105-lipstick-suede.html

Ivanka Trump的鞋款「Hettie」:

(圖案截自:https://ivankatrump.com/?s=hettie


(圖案截自:https://www.amazon.com/Ivanka-Trump-Womens-Hettie-Sandal/dp/B016LINO3E

Aquazzura Italia SRL v. Trump, 16-cv-04782, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan)


訴訟標的是Trade Dress(我翻為"外觀商標"),比對樣本可能就有很多方面,例如節錄自新聞來源與訴狀的內容,兩種鞋款外觀比對:



不負責任比對:那些裝飾的碎花墜飾與毛茸茸的球顯然是形成整體設計的重要特徵(這應該是"裝飾性"特徵,非"功能性"特徵),如果Hettie有這些特點,就應該有混淆消費者的可能了!?

不只是「Hettie」,還有...:


(以上圖案截自訴狀)

原告擁有的Aquazzura設計專利D776409


另一件D725,361(Strap arrangement):


2016年訴狀:
https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2896471/Ivanka-Trump-Lawsuit.pdf(備份:https://app.box.com/s/o5g67rlj24oa6kh42sjj1gqu7dq59r7q

Trade Dress就是商標第二含意的實現(http://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/商标第二含义),上網搜尋商標"第二含意":"第二含義商標,是指原來不符合商標使用或註冊條件的文字、圖形或其組合,因被長期與某種商品或服務結合使用,具備了與這些文字、圖形或其他構成要素的通常意義不同的含義。"
"As a result of Plaintiff’s substantial effort and investment in its Wild Thing Shoe, and its commercial success, the Wild Thing Trade Dress has acquired “secondary meaning” in that it has become distinctive and instantly recognizable to the public as exclusively denoting Plaintiff and signaling the high quality of its product."

面對對手可能的侵權行為,原告主張自己被"稀釋"的品牌價值,造成市場不公平競爭,也影響了公眾的權益:
"Defendants’ use of the Infringing Trade Dress in connection with its Infringing Shoe is consumer-oriented, has the capacity to deceive, and is deceiving the public as to the source or sponsorship of Defendants’ Infringing Shoe. As a result, the public will be damaged."

原本伊凡卡川普律師認為,伊凡卡本身並不參與這個鞋款設計,沒有必要回應這個訴訟,但是法官駁回這個請願,要求伊凡卡川普回應這個訴訟,因為伊凡卡川普是公司決策者,沒有伊凡卡川普的同意,這鞋款不會上市。

法官要求伊凡卡應該要回應這個訴訟了,一些新聞:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-13/ivanka-trump-seeks-to-duck-deposition-in-shoe-lawsuit
http://footwearnews.com/2017/business/designers/ivanka-trump-hettie-shoe-aquazzura-wild-thing-lawsuit-380841/
https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/judge-orders-ivanka-trump-to-testify-in-aquazzura-dispute

是否侵權成立(指Trade Dress),可能又不可能(這裡不負責比對),看來,伊凡卡川普應該要好好出面說一說了。

[相關法條]
15 U.S.C. § 1125. False designations of origin, false descriptions, and dilution forbidden.
..
(3)
In a civil action for trade dress infringement under this chapter for trade dress not registered on the principal register, the person who asserts trade dress protection has the burden of proving that the matter sought to be protected is not functional.
...

my two cents:
寫這篇,就是一個客觀的證據收集與報導,很多老外媒體都在寫(其實看多了,就是天下文章一大抄),美國總統川普顯然很不爽。

這算是時尚新聞,要綜合很多新聞才能看到一些準確的蛛絲馬跡,直到看到訴狀內容才會知道一些應該是對的內容。比如,這到底是設計專利侵權、商標侵權,還是最後看到的Trade Dress(融合商標、設計等標的)的訴訟標的。所以,花了不少時間找內容,包括還要找到訴狀。

這真是一個很好/又便宜的行銷機會,我想,Aquazzura Italia應該會好好抓著這個機會,畢竟,如果輸了、或者贏了,都是贏家。

我想,如果在時尚圈,這類"漂亮"的戰爭應該不少。

部落格Trade Dress參考內容(可搜尋Trade Dress這個標籤):
http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2009/04/trade-dress.html
http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2012/08/trade-dress.html

參考過的新聞來源:
http://www.thefashionlaw.com/home/aquazzura-adds-design-patent-infringement-claim-to-trump-lawsuit
http://www.thefashionlaw.com/home/aquazzura-files-trademark-suit-against-ivanka-trump-and-licensee

資料來源:
http://money.cnn.com/2017/06/24/news/companies/ivanka-trump-court-deposition-aquazzura/index.html

Ron

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