2019年7月15日 星期一

CIP的母案成為先前技術的筆記

CIP的母案成為先前技術的筆記

- 有關102(a)(2)例外條款102(b)(2)的筆記 - MPEP 2154.02(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2017/05/102a2102b2-mpep-215402.html
- 新穎性先前技術的例外 - MPEP 717
https://enpan.blogspot.com/2018/07/mpep-717.html

CIP案(Continuation in Part)是一種可以提供申請人/發明人以新增技術特徵(new matter)的方式提出申請的接續案,一般來說,就是已經提出申請的母案之後,加入新特徵的接續案。常見情境是,母案遭受核駁,又無法答辯(或其他理由)的情況,希望通過新增技術特徵而延續案件的方案。

然而,面對美國專利改革法案(AIA)後,CIP這類案型遭遇到不小的挑戰,因為CIP提出時,母案往往已經公開,而且公開"超過一年",這樣母案成為「有效的先前技術」。

相關案例討論如:
- CIP母案可能為CIP案先前技術的討論(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2015/01/cipcip.html
- CIP案被自己母案阻礙的案例 - Santarus v. Par Pharma (Fed. Cir. 2012)(http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2014/10/cip-santarus-v-par-pharma-fed-cir-2012.html

如此,對「新增母案未揭露的技術特徵的CIP案的申請專利範圍」而言,CIP的存在意義為何?或是,CIP的申請策略為何?

- 回歸每個申請案都為獨立申請案的樣貌,以及Claim-By-Claim的判斷原則,「新增母案未揭露技術特徵的CIP案的申請專利範圍」的「有效申請日」為CIP案的申請日,無法溯及母案申請日。

- 35 U.S.C. 120規定後申請案如何主張與先前申請案同樣申請日時間的規定。

35 U.S.C. 120 BENEFIT OF EARLIER FILING DATE IN THE UNITED STATES.

An application for patent for an invention disclosed in the manner provided by section 112(a) (other than the requirement to disclose the best mode) in an application previously filed in the United States, or as provided by section 363 or 385 which names an inventor or joint inventor in the previously filed application shall have the same effect, as to such invention, as though filed on the date of the prior application, if filed before the patenting or abandonment of or termination of proceedings on the first application or on an application similarly entitled to the benefit of the filing date of the first application and if it contains or is amended to contain a specific reference to the earlier filed application. No application shall be entitled to the benefit of an earlier filed application under this section unless an amendment containing the specific reference to the earlier filed application is submitted at such time during the pendency of the application as required by the Director. The Director may consider the failure to submit such an amendment within that time period as a waiver of any benefit under this section. The Director may establish procedures, including the requirement for payment of the fee specified in section 41(a)(7), to accept an unintentionally delayed submission of an amendment under this section.

- 若CIP案的申請專利範圍包括母案未揭露的特徵,該項申請專利範圍的有效申請日為CIP案申請日,但同樣地,若前後申請案有箱同的至少一個發明人,後案仍符合不具新穎性排除條款。

35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1)規定發明在申請日前已公開,不具新穎性,這是「比公開日」的新穎性條款,其例外條款為102(b)(1)(A)(B):(法條中的claimed invention即指本篇討論的CIP案具有new matter的專利範圍)

根據102(b)(1)(A),當先前揭露(母案)是CIP案的「發明人、共同發明人或其他直接或間接由發明人或共同發明人得到」的揭露內容,若其公開於CIP案的有效申請日前"一年內",CIP的母案並不視為先前技術

根據102(b)(1)(B),若CIP案具有new matter的Claim的先前揭露內容(由CIP案發明人、共同發明人或他人直接或間接由CIP案發明人或共同發明人取得的揭露)早於其母案的揭露內容,可以排除母案為其先前技術。

(b) EXCEPTIONS.—
  • (1) DISCLOSURES MADE 1 YEAR OR LESS BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE FILING DATE OF THE CLAIMED INVENTION.—A disclosure made 1 year or less before the effective filing date of a claimed invention shall not be prior art to the claimed invention under subsection (a)(1) if—
    • (A) the disclosure was made by the inventor or joint inventor or by another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; or
    • (B) the subject matter disclosed had, before such disclosure, been publicly disclosed by the inventor or a joint inventor or another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor.

35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2)規定有效申請日在他人的專利申請日之後,不具新穎性,例外條款為102(b)(2)(A)(B)(C),但這並非CIP案的情況,因此不列入考慮。

小結:
CIP案提出的時機,應該要在母案公開日後一年內,母案就不會成為CIP案的先前技術。
CIP案提出時,如果有其早於母案(公開日)的揭露,還可排除母案為先前技術。

否則,建議CIP案可另外新案申請,當然新增技術面對自己原本母案的揭露內容時仍應具備非顯而易知性,只是,至少不要自動連結自己的母案。

補充我國專利法審查基準「優先權」篇章中對美國CIP案的討論(updated on July 16, 2019):CIP案新增部分為「第一次申請」,可以成為其他後申請案的優先權基礎案。


一些資料可參考:
CIP案申請討論(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2016/01/cip.html
CIP母案可能為CIP案先前技術的討論(http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2015/01/cipcip.html

CIP案被自己母案阻礙的案例 - Santarus v. Par Pharma (Fed. Cir. 2012)(http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2014/10/cip-santarus-v-par-pharma-fed-cir-2012.html

Ron

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