2019年7月19日 星期五

沒有技術方案的權利範圍不具可專利性 - Reese v. Spring Nextel (Fed. Cir. 2019)

本案主標題是:沒有技術方案的權利範圍不具可專利性,但仍有個次標題是:判斷101適格性時,不一定需要解釋專利範圍。

案件資訊:
原告/上訴人/專利權人:MORRIS REESE
被告/被上訴人:SPRINT NEXTEL CORPORATION; TRACFONE WIRELESS, INC., ERRONEOUSLY SUED AS TRACFONE WIRELESS SERVICES INC.; VERIZON WIRELESS SERVICES LLC, ERRONEOUSLY SUED AS CELLCO PARTNERSHIP, DOING BUSINESS AS VERIZON WIRELESS; AT&T MOBILITY II LLC; T-MOBILE USA, INC.
系爭專利:US6,868,150
判決日:June 10, 2019

本案緣起專利權人Reese對幾個電信公司提出侵權告訴,被告如Sprint、AT&T、Verizon、T-Mobile等,被告在地院對系爭專利提起專利不具適格性的簡易判決請求,法院判決專利不具專利適格性,不符35 U.S.C. § 101。

系爭專利US6,868,150關於來電顯示的電話技術,其中方法是提供一中央伺服器管理去電等待與Caller ID服務,主張侵權的請求項為claims 23, 32。根據Claim 23,第一方訂閱了CLASS服務,第一方具有Caller ID,第三方為打電話者,打了第一方的電話號碼,而第一方與第二方之間建立了來電對話(telephone call conversation)。方法中,第一方TCO接收了第三方(打電話者)的DN(directory telephone number),其中第三方DN並未揭示在第一方的裝置中;此時,TCO傳送來電等待(call waiting)的電話音給第一方,此等待音向第一方指出是由第三方的來電。

23. A method for indicating to a first party who subscribes to a Custom Local Area Signaling System (CLASS) service including Caller Identification (Caller ID) and who is engaged in a telephone call conversation with a second party an incoming call from a third party calling a telephone number of the first party, comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving at a terminating central office (TCO) of the first party who subscribes to said CLASS service including said Caller ID and who is engaged in the telephone conversation with the second party the third party directory telephone number (DN) flagged as private from an originating central office of the third party, indicating that said DN of the third party is not to be disclosed at the first party called station; and

(b) said TCO then sending a call waiting (CW) tone signal to the first party, said CW tone signal indicates to the first party the incoming call from the third party.

上述權利範圍描述了一個來電顯示的技術,地方法院認為這是一個抽象概念,且沒有描述「實際的過程與必要設備」,因此並未具備可以轉換抽象概念的本質為超越抽象概念的應用的技術元件。





判斷101要件,解釋專利範圍不是一定必要的動作:
裡涉及一個小議題是,專利權人認為地方法院在沒有解釋專利範圍的情況下就作出專利無效的決定,對此意見,CAFC法官引述前例Content Extraction & Transmission LLC v. Wells Fargo Bank (Fed. Cir. 2014),認為,縱使判斷專利適格性應該要對專利範圍有全盤理解,但對於101的判斷,解釋專利範圍卻不是一定必要的動作。因此認為地方法院沒錯。



"Although the determination of patent eligibility requires a full understanding of the basic character of the claimed subject matter, claim construction is not an inviolable prerequisite to a validity determination under § 101.”"

相關過去報導:
應用習知裝置執行原本的工作不會轉換抽象為可專利的發明 - Content Extraction v. Wells Fargo Bank (CAFC 2014)(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2017/05/contect-extraction-v-wells-fargo-bank.html

Alice Step One ("we consider whether the character of the claims in their entirety is directed to a patent-ineligible concept.")

法院的意見是,系爭專利範圍關於接收資訊與傳送訊息(撥號音)到來電的對象的抽象概念,權利範圍中並未描述任何可以接收與傳送訊息的方法,儘管專利權人主張系爭專利範圍關於電話技術...。

法官認為請求項並未提出接收與傳送訊息的方法(儘管有實際用途,但卻沒有具體方案)("The claims do not recite any particular method of receiving the information and sending the indicating tone in response.")。

Alice Step Two ("we search for an inventive concept sufficient to transform the claims into significantly more than the abstract idea itself")

當發明涉及抽象概念,即須繼續判斷專利範圍中是否具有可以轉換抽象概念為可專利的應用的額外元件,法院認為,系爭專利範圍並未具有任何非習知的技術元件(使用傳統電話設備執行一般功能),僅描述功能,而沒有提出技術方案,即便限定在電話技術上,仍不足以具備可專利性。

法院認為這句話"The claims do not recite any particular method of receiving the information and sending the indicating tone in response."使得專利為抽象的方案,而又暗示如何具有可專利性:"Reese does not point to any non-generic telephone network components and instead, asserts that “no successful combination of caller ID and call waiting yet existed” and that his “combination of known switching equipment with the steps set forth” in the claims removes them from abstractness."

(編按,重要,法院提出的答辯方式)也就是說,如系爭專利這類技術,要提出「非一般電話網路的元件」,且要聲明「習知沒有成功地結合本案技術元件(caller ID與call waiting)」,以及「結合已知元件與所提出的步驟能夠克服抽象概念」。

判決文:
http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/18-1971.Opinion.6-10-2019.pdf(備份:https://app.box.com/s/1p99h09jo043804falv1gwkobdkuju1t

my two cents:
當判斷101專利適格性時,沒有搭配解釋專利範圍,法院的意思是,從專利範圍字面可理解專利為何,表示,專利範圍的字面意思變得十分重要,要避免法官誤解,還不能用錯字,就如專利權人擔心的一樣。

資料參考:
https://patentlyo.com/patent/2019/06/ineligibility-decisions-court.html

Ron

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