2019年10月3日 星期四

更正的條件與其彈性 - Honeywell Int’l. Inc. v. Arkema Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2019)

本案討論主張優先權的專利申請案,若主張優先權的「鏈」斷了,如何修補,是否可以在IPR/PGR等程序中修正,法院的觀點是,若不涉及實質技術範圍,優先權修正的請求應該再彈性一點 - Honeywell Int’l. Inc. v. Arkema Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2019)

案件資訊:
上訴人/專利權人:HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.
被上訴人/PGR異議人:ARKEMA INC., ARKEMA FRANCE 系爭專利:US9,157,017(PGR案:PGR2016-00011, PGR2016-00012)
判決日:October 1, 2019

系爭專利領證公告後第4個月後,Arkema Inc.向PTAB對系爭專利提起PGR(post-grant review)異議,理由是系爭專利的優先權案並未揭露支持系爭專利的內容



系爭專利關於一種氟取代的烯烴(fluorine substituted olefins),是一種芳香劑,可將催化劑沉積在固體載體上,進行滅菌與清潔等應用。



在PGR程序中,Arkema Inc.提出的證據除了先前技術外,更質疑系爭專利的優先權案並未具有支持系爭專利範圍的內容,也就是對系爭專利的「effective filing date」提出異議。

Honeywell提出請求,請求向專利局提出「更正優先權鏈」的許可(permission to file a motion for leave to request a Certificate of Correction from the Director of the PTO),想要以其他自己的先前專利取代原本的優先權鏈,並且主張這個修正並未實質改變專利範圍

修正的規定在35 U.S.C. § 255:(可整理出6個條件)
Whenever a mistake of a clerical or typographical nature(條件一), or of minor character(條件二), which was not the fault of the Patent and Trademark Office(條件三), appears in a patent and a showing has been made that such mistake occurred in good faith(條件四), the Director may, upon payment of the required fee(條件五), issue a certificate of correction, if the correction does not involve such changes in the patent as would constitute new matter or would require re-examination(條件六). Such patent, together with the certificate, shall have the same effect and operation in law on the trial of actions for causes thereafter arising as if the same had been originally issued in such corrected form(效果).

根據35 U.S.C. § 255,當錯誤是文書錯誤,或是輕微的修改、不是USPTO的錯,若可證明是出於good faith,且修正尚無需啟始re-examination程序或增加新事物,則可以允許發出更正證明。

PTAB駁回請求,認為不符255條規定。


Honeywell對PTAB在PGR異議中「否決修正系爭專利優先權鏈(petition for certificate of correction to correct the challenged patent)請求」的決定提起上訴。

CAFC意見:
就法官的眼光來看,PTAB並沒有審理Honeywell要求在訴訟外尋求PTO更正許可的請求(motion for leave to seek a Certificate of Correction),也就是PTAB在審理是否讓Honeywell提出更正許可請願前,即要求其證明是否符合255規定,認為有濫權(abuse its discretion)的問題。

法院認為PTAB的濫權在於:
- 在缺乏足夠資訊下即否決Honeywell的請願(motion),並沒有理解Honeywell請願是要更正「優先權鏈」;
- 沒有去理解證據是否證明這個更正請求是基於「疏忽」;
- 沒有理解這個請求是否是出於good faith(誠意);
- 沒有確認這個更正請求是否會影響Arkema的權益。



反倒回頭看,USPTO已經允許專利權人更正優先權(correct priority claims through Certificates of Correction),雖可能優先權的錯誤造成USPTO審理專利性時產生誤差,但仍有更正的彈性,根據案例Carotek, Inc. v. Koba-yashi Ventures, LLC., 875 F. Supp. 2d 313, 331 (S.D.N.Y. 2012)PTO有權提供更正許可



法院認為,PTAB顯然對以上案例與相關判斷邏輯疏忽了!

CAFC撤回PTAB決定。

request for certificates of correction規定:
MPEP 1485 (Handling of Request for Certificates of Correction) (https://www.bitlaw.com/source/mpep/1485.html

判決文:
http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/18-1151.Opinion.10-1-2019.pdf(備份:https://app.box.com/s/hzpw74d5mhxz64yhjwoad7vi0s9tn25s

資料參考:
https://patentlyo.com/patent/2019/10/permission-petition-correction.html
Ron

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