2022年2月18日 星期五

設計的非顯而易見性是整體來看 - In re Lapworth (1971)

本案討論美國設計專利的1971年經典案例 - In re Lapworth, 59 C.C.P.A. 738, 451 F.2d 1094, 172 U.S.P.Q. 129 (1971),其中議題涉及設計案的專利性比對原則。


案件「In Re Charles William Lapworth」源自設計申請人不服USPTO駁回意見,提起訴願,訴願委員會確認USPTO審查結果,再提起上訴CCPA。

系爭設計對應的帆船CAL-36從網路上可找到:https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/cal-36,設計者就寫著本案設計人:C. William Lapworth。


申請人/上訴人提出圖式如下,表示設計專利保護的對象是船身,沒有包括帆的部分。

審查意見提出的前案如下,此前案也是相同人設計的OAL-40

(編按,我在看判決中的圖式時,真的以為是相同的圖,貼在這裡時還要很細節地根據窗戶差異貼上,避免弄錯,顯見...相似度有多高了!)

申請人主動提出兩個船身的差異比對,如下:

申請人主張,訴願委員會並沒有根據許多細節差異判斷其整體的差異,並宣稱系爭設計更優雅、更細緻。法院引用前例:In re Laverne, 53 CCPA 1158, 356 F. 2d 1003, 148 USPQ, 674 (1966),其中涉及設計專利的專利性測試:

1) 考量的是普通觀察者的視覺感受。
2) 細節差異不會影響普通觀察者對於設計整體外觀的印象。
3) 比對前後設計,不是比對細節差異,而是整體來看的獨特性(distinctiveness in overall appearance )。

upon a comparison of the subject design with that of the reference, we are inclined to agree with the Examiner that the average observer would take the two designs as mere manifestations of the same basic design, rather than characteristically different designs capable of supporting different patents. The detailed differences over the reference pointed out in the appeal brief, do not, in our opinion, affect the appearance of the design as a whole and the impression it makes to the eye of the average observer, which are still largely controlling of patentability of designs. It is distinctiveness in overall appearance of an Object, when compared with the prior art, rather than minute details or small variations in configuration as appears to be the case here, that constitutes the test of design patentability.

這張圖顯示兩艘船的正視圖"差異",就法官而言(雖認為訴願委員會並未採用法院判例審查),這張圖是"差異圖",卻也是"相似圖",差異僅在細節上,雖另有差異在船艙上蓋、駕駛艙座椅等,但是就顯而易見性的判斷上,法院同意不予專利

判決文參考連結:https://cite.case.law/ccpa/59/738/

Ron

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