從幾個常看的blog與新聞網頁得知美國最高法院拒絕受理兩件有關專利適格性(35 U.S.C. § 101)的上訴案件:Interactive Wearables v. Polar 以及 Tropp v. Travel Sentry。
- IPWatchdog - https://ipwatchdog.com/2023/05/16/michel-puts-hope-imminent-patent-bills-following-scotus-eligibility-denials/id=160910/
- SCOTUSblog - https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/tropp-v-travel-sentry-inc/(for Tropp v. Travel Sentry)
- SCOTUSblog - https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/interactive-wearables-llc-v-polar-electro-oy/(for Interactive Wearables)
----- Interactive Wearables v. Polar -----
經查,Interactive Wearables v. Polar案過去曾經有分享:審判專利適格性考量發明是否明確?- Interactive Wearables, LLC v. Polar Electro Oy et. al (E.D.N.Y. 2020) (https://enpan.blogspot.com/2022/04/interactive-wearables-llc-v-polar.html)。
此案在地方法院的爭議是,因為說明書不明確造成請求項元件為"抽象概念"的描述,也找不出可專利的"進步特徵(inventive concept)",因此判決不具專利適格性。這是很特別的判決,其中將112議題連結到101議題。
幾段地方法院參考過去判例的判決內容可供參考:
"The specification limits its discussion of the components to abstract functional descriptions devoid of technical explanation as to how to implement the invention."
"Such vague, functional descriptions of . . . components are insufficient to transform the abstract idea into a patent-eligible invention.”
"The failure of the specification in this regard, which applies to all of the components identified in the claims of the Asserted Patents, cannot be remedied through new allegations in an amended complaint."
案件上訴CAFC,CAFC直接依據Fed. Cir. Rule 36維持原判(affirmances without a written opinion)。
----- Tropp v. Travel Sentry -----
Tropp v. Travel Sentry (CAFC)(因為過去沒報導,因為此新聞,補了:硬體結構描述不足的專利適格性議題 - TRAVEL SENTRY, INC. v. DAVID A. TROPP (CAFC 2022)-https://enpan.blogspot.com/2023/05/travel-sentry-inc-v-david-tropp-cafc.html)
此案在CAFC、地方法院的爭議是,發明主體是個「特殊裝置」,但是申請專利範圍方法項描述了組織人類活動的步驟(判定為長期存在的基本經濟實踐與組織人類活動的方法),使得硬體結構的發明轉到了專利適格性(35U.S.C.101)議題,最終判定專利不具適格性。
my two cents:
既然最高法院不願審理,也就是對下級法院的判決無異議,沒有提供可遵循的規則,感覺放任各級法院對專利適格性有各自的判斷,因此更是撲朔迷離。上述兩案一個涉及明確性不足,一個應該是硬體發明,但請求項涉及組織人類活動,都被判定是不具專利適格性,其實判決結果頗為合理,僅一點點無法接受,但也知101判定上不是看整體發明,而是依據claim的描述方式,只要claim描述不夠明確就可能導致過於抽象,或是即便使用了特殊硬體,但步驟流程僅是一般人類活動,都不能說是可專利的標的。
Ron
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