本篇原本標題是... 主張專利過期前損害賠償的要件 - patent marking,原告的訴前行為(多做與少做的事)也使得他賠了夫人又折兵。
案件資訊:
原告/上訴人/專利權人:ORTIZ & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING, LLC
被告/被上訴人:VIZIO, INC.
系爭專利:US9,147,299、US9,549,285
判決日期:December 17, 2025
案件源起原告/專利權人Ortiz對Vizio提出侵權告訴,但是專利權卻在提出侵權告訴當下是過期的,因此,即便侵權成立,原告在侵權告訴中僅能索賠有限的損害賠償(僅能針對訴訟前一段時間的損失)。被告Vizio則是在地方法院提出撤銷訴訟請願,理由是專利標示是要主張專利權過期前損害賠償的必要措施,而原告並不符35 U.S.C. § 287專利標示(patent marking)的規定。
原告對此提出修正訴訟請求(訴狀),而Vizio又提出第二次撤銷訴訟請願,意見如同前次請願的主張 - 原告違反35 U.S.C. § 287專利標示的規定。
-----35 U.S.C. § 287-----
35 U.S. Code § 287 - Limitation on damages and other remedies; marking and notice
(a)Patentees, and persons making, offering for sale, or selling within the United States any patented article for or under them, or importing any patented article into the United States, may give notice to the public that the same is patented, either by fixing thereon the word “patent” or the abbreviation “pat.”, together with the number of the patent, or by fixing thereon the word “patent” or the abbreviation “pat.” together with an address of a posting on the Internet, accessible to the public without charge for accessing the address, that associates the patented article with the number of the patent, or when, from the character of the article, this can not be done, by fixing to it, or to the package wherein one or more of them is contained, a label containing a like notice. In the event of failure so to mark, no damages shall be recovered by the patentee in any action for infringement, except on proof that the infringer was notified of the infringement and continued to infringe thereafter, in which event damages may be recovered only for infringement occurring after such notice. Filing of an action for infringement shall constitute such notice.
----------------------------
地方法院最後是同意Vizio請願,撤銷Ortiz所提出的訴訟。
其實地院撤銷訴訟有兩個因素:
第一,之前Ortiz曾以相同兩件系爭專利對Panasonic等公司提出侵權告訴,但此訴訟因為被告同意授權和解而由原告撤銷,當時地方法院作出的裁決是:Panasonic販售專利授權商品需要執行「專利標示」,且Ortiz有責任確保專利授權商品有專利標示。
第二,即便原告撤銷訴訟但仍沒有達到授權的目的,原告仍會因為沒有專利標示而使訴訟被撤銷。
在本案中,Vizio除了提出原告違反專利標示(35 U.S.C. § 287)規定而請求撤銷訴訟外,還主張原告應返還訴訟費用(35 U.S.C. § 285/28 U.S.C. § 1927)。
35 U.S.C. § 287
對於地院撤銷訴訟的決定,Ortiz爭辯因為他沒有生產物件,應無需標示專利資訊;訴訟中提及的Panasonic案被撤銷並為執行專利授權;如果法院同意第二次修正訴狀,可以針對專利標示進行論述。
對此,法院引用前例重申專利標示的重要性:
專利權人有責任告知公眾他擁有的專利權,因此Ortiz的主張無理由(編按,沒有產品不是藉口,專利標示的方法很多)。
35 U.S.C. § 285/28 U.S.C. § 1927
根據地院判決,本案符合美國專利法35U.S.C. 285條款中「特殊情況("exceptional case")」,法院應判決原告繳付各被告所支付的律師費用(編按,一般理由為,原告有客觀的不合理性,以及原告以不合理理由提出訴訟),其中符合285條規定的"特殊情況"而應負擔勝訴方費用的理由(不當行為)是:(1)專利過期,因此不能對未來損害提出賠償,加上,沒有專利標示,也不能對訴前損失提出賠償;(2)Ortiz訴訟行為不合理,包括沒有及時執行探索程序(discovery);(3)Ortiz提出的和解條件與此訴訟實質無關;(4)Ortiz有訴訟黑歷史 - 過去有多次包括本次系爭專利的侵權訴訟,有些由原告主動撤銷,有些是未能及時提出有效訴訟請求而被駁回。
另一方面,地院認為本案不符28 U.S.C. § 1927,不同意原告應負擔其他額外費用。
-----35 U.S.C. § 285-----
35 U.S.C. 285 Attorney fees.
The court in exceptional cases may award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party.
----------------------------
-----28 U.S.C. § 1927----
28 U.S. Code § 1927 - Counsel’s liability for excessive costs
Any attorney or other person admitted to conduct cases in any court of the United States or any Territory thereof who so multiplies the proceedings in any case unreasonably and vexatiously may be required by the court to satisfy personally the excess costs, expenses, and attorneys’ fees reasonably incurred because of such conduct.
----------------------------
關於地院判決原告應擔負被告訴訟費用一事,小細節是,因為費用不高,也沒有必要是符合“特殊情況/exceptional”,更何況,意義上,針對原告的不當行為等「特殊情況」作出的判決並無不當。
CAFC判決地院的決定並沒有濫用裁量權,同意地院判決。
Ron