前例:
此案會連帶想到前例:有妨害善良風俗疑慮的商標仍受到言論自由保障 - MATAL v. TAM(https://enpan.blogspot.tw/2017/06/matal-v-tam.html),此例在USPTO被駁回,理由是「the Slants」有歧視的意思,但CAFC與最高法院都判決這個駁回決定違反美國1791年憲法First Amendment:
Freedom of Religion / Freedom of Speech / Freedom of the Press / Right to Assemble / Right to Petition
(資料來源:https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/first_amendment)
FUCT:
IN RE: ERIK BRUNETTI案源自向USPTO提出商標申請案「FUCT」,USPTO/PTAB都駁回申請,理由是它包括不道德與誹謗的內容(15 U.S.C. § 1052(a)):
15 U.S. Code § 1052 - Trademarks registrable on principal register; concurrent registration
(a)
Consists of or comprises immoral, deceptive, or scandalous matter; or matter which may disparage or falsely suggest a connection with persons, living or dead, institutions, beliefs, or national symbols, or bring them into contempt, or disrepute; or a geographical indication which, when used on or in connection with wines or spirits, identifies a place other than the origin of the goods and is first used on or in connection with wines or spirits by the applicant on or after one year after the date on which the WTO Agreement (as defined in section 3501(9) of title 19) enters into force with respect to the United States.
CAFC在2017年判決,同意USPTO/PTAB認為這個商標申請案具有不道德與誹謗的內容,但駁回申請卻「違反憲法First Amendment(Freedom of Speech)」,因此否決USPTO/PTAB決定。
基本上,USPTO/PTAB都是依據15 U.S.C. § 1052(a)駁回申請案,但是否為不道德、欺騙或誹謗,都是比較主觀的判斷,特別是玩了一個文字遊戲 "Fuct"。
USPTO的駁回理由還是有些論述,檢驗商標申請案是否不道德或有誹謗意思,就訴諸公眾的感知,就是看公眾是否對此商標有被冒犯的感覺?
I. The Mark FUCT is Vulgar and Therefore Scandalous
II. Section 2(a)’s Bar on Immoral or Scandalous Marks is Unconstitutional Under the First Amendment
即便是申請人似乎也同意這個字有爭議(遊走法律邊緣),只是不認為不能取得商標,法院並未禁止,對此,法官最後仍是斷定這是個不道德的字,或說,法官並不解決這個議題,只是,不過...就「言論自由」來看,USPTO/PTAB的決定違憲。
後續:
案件經USPTO提出聯席法官重審(en banc rehearing),但被沒有理由駁回,USPTO將訴諸最高法院作出意見。
判決文:
http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/15-1109.Opinion.12-13-2017.1.PDF(備份:https://app.box.com/s/b6gp5lp3opeuk2i8sre8w0oemsqgu2vo)
my two cents:
這個判決文不好讀,有興趣者可以讀原文。
參考資料:
https://patentlyo.com/patent/2017/12/we-are-all-fuct.html
https://patentlyo.com/patent/2018/04/brunetti-registration-limits.html
Ron
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