post-AIA 35 U.S.C.102筆記

（本篇僅自己的參考筆記）

美國專利AIA於2012年9月16日開始實施，2013年3月16日開始執行First-to-File制度，同時新修法的102,103也開始生效。

MPEP 2152內容：https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s2152.html

本部落格涉及35U.S.C.102(b)(1)/(b)(2)的內容：

- 有關102(a)(2)例外條款102(b)(2)的筆記 - MPEP 2154.02（https://enpan.blogspot.com/2017/05/102a2102b2-mpep-215402.html）

- 新穎性先前技術的例外 - MPEP 717（https://enpan.blogspot.com/2018/07/mpep-717.html）

- AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(1)(B)筆記（https://enpan.blogspot.com/2018/07/102.html）

- 判斷核駁理由是102(a)(1)或102(a)(2) - MPEP 706.02(a)(1)（https://enpan.blogspot.com/2016/12/102a1102a2-mpep-70602a1.html）

- 克服102(a)(1)(2)的核駁理由 - MPEP 706.02(B)(1)（https://enpan.blogspot.com/2017/05/102a12-mpep-70602b1.html）

除了自己的筆記外，參考ipWatchdog網頁專文：

- https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2012/09/09/defending-the-uspto-interpretation-of-the-new-grace-period/id=27903/

- https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/09/14/intervening-disclosures-aia/id=72636/

缺乏新穎性規定：

102(a)(1)

102(a)(2)

(a) NOVELTY; PRIOR ART.—A person shall be entitled to a patent unless— (1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention; or （主張權利的發明已於”有效申請日”前已有專利、揭露於文獻中，或公開使用、販售，或以其他方式提供給公眾，無法取得專利。）（申請前已揭露）

(a) NOVELTY; PRIOR ART.—A person shall be entitled to a patent unless— (2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. （要主張權利的發明已經被申請日比發明的”有效申請日”更早的他人專利、公開申請案、早期公開案所揭露，無法取得專利。）（申請前已有他案更早申請）

缺乏新穎性之例外：

102(b)(1) EXCEPTIONS.—	102(b)(2) EXCEPTIONS.—
(1) DISCLOSURES MADE 1 YEAR OR LESS BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE FILING DATE OF THE CLAIMED INVENTION.— A disclosure made 1 year or less before the effective filing date of a claimed invention shall not be prior art to the claimed invention under subsection (a)(1) if— （在主張權利的發明有效申請日之前一年或一年內的揭露內容非為102(a)(1)規定的先前技術的例外事項包括：）（呼應102(a)(1)）	(2) DISCLOSURES APPEARING IN APPLICATIONS AND PATENTS.— A disclosure shall not be prior art to a claimed invention under subsection (a)(2) if— （揭露內容非為102(a)(2)規定發明的先前技術的例外事項包括：）（呼應102(a)(2)）
(A) the disclosure was made by the inventor or joint inventor or by another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; or （情況一：當申請前一年內揭露的內容是由發明人或共同發明人所揭露，或他人自發明人或共同發明人直接或間接取得的揭露內容，申請前的揭露內容不能成為先前技術。）	(A) the subject matter disclosed was obtained directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; （情況一：當更早申請案的內容是從發明人或共同發明人直接或間接取得。）
(B) the subject matter disclosed had, before such disclosure, been publicly disclosed by the inventor or a joint inventor or another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor. （情況二：當發明人或共同發明人的公開揭露，或他人自發明人或共同發明人直接或間接取得的揭露內容比申請前一年內揭露的內容更早，申請前的揭露內容不能成為先前技術。）（發明人更早的揭露內容可排除申請前一年內的揭露內容。）	(B) the subject matter disclosed had, before such subject matter was effectively filed under subsection (a)(2), been publicly disclosed by the inventor or a joint inventor or another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; or （情況二：若在102(a)(2)規定下的前申請案之前，已有發明人或共同發明人的公開內容，或是他人自發明人或共同發明人直接或間接取得的公開內容，可排除有效申請日前的申請案。）
	(C) the subject matter disclosed and the claimed invention, not later than the effective filing date of the claimed invention, were owned by the same person or subject to an obligation of assignment to the same person. （情況三：在不晚於主張權利的發明的有效申請日，若在前揭露內容為相同人所擁有，或是受到約束應受讓給相同人，有效申請日前的申請案可被排除。）

 Ron