"美國專利期限計算器 上的「博主您好,有問題想請教 文中所寫到The Calculated expiration date for this Patent是表示從當日開始無效, 那麼是指範例中的期限(A)2030.04.09已經無效,該專利的最後有效日為2030.04.08? 還是指(B)2030.04.09這一天還有效,該專利從隔天04.10起無效? 依據個人認知,應該是指選項(A) 即如同台灣發明專利期間是申請日起加20年,但最終期限其實是申請日加20年的前一天。 (ex. 申請日為2016.03.29,若取得發明專利則專利期限應為2036.03.28(最後有效日)) 但有同仁是說應該是算到當日(如選項(B))仍有效, 例如日本專利一般(http://iizukapat.com/patent3.html), 故針對於這兩種說法,最後有效日的一日之差有點疑惑,還請博主指教 非常感謝」"
編按:「版主常常寫了文章、筆記之後,除非有想到、或是有人回饋意見(這也常常幫助我又經思考而發表了一篇),否則不會自動更新內容,在此致歉」(我也沒有常常去看留言,有些指教或是請求都是"很久以後"才看到,真是抱歉)。
針對網友"shibata"提出的討論,對於「專利無效日」是哪一天的問題,簡單回答是,例如,如果沒有PTA調整的問題,以發明專利期限自申請日起算20年來算,如果專利申請日在04/01/2010,當日不算,加上20年,有效期限到04/01/2030,此日仍有效,這部分如網友"shibata"同仁的理解,但的確各國有所不同!!!
中華民國專利:
先瞭解「期日」與「期間」的差異。
"專利法有關期間之計算,其始日不計算在內。但有關專利權期限之計算,則自申請日當日起算。期間計算末日會被假日影響,但期限不會。"
「中華民國專利審查基準第一篇第十六章第1節"期間"」
1. 期間之計算
期日及期間,除專利法有特別規定外,適用行政程序法之相關規定。
計算各項期間之遵守,應以申請文件送達專利專責機關或郵寄地郵戳所載日期計算之,並無扣除在途期間之適用。
專利法有關期間之計算,其始日不計算在內。但有關專利權期限之計算,則自申請日當日起算。
期間之末日為星期六、星期日、國定假日或其他休息日者,以該日之次一上班日為期間之末日。如期間之末日為星期六,惟配合政府政策公告調整為上班日而非休息日,行政機關仍照常上班並未放假,無行政程序法第48 條第4 項規定之適用,不得以次一上班日為期間之末日(法務部99 年法律字第0999004718 號函釋參照)。
「中華民國專利審查基準第一篇第十七章第2節"專利權之期限"」
2.專利權之期限
申請專利之發明,自公告之日起給予發明專利權。發明專利權之止日為申請日當日起算20 年屆滿,新型專利權期限為申請日當日起算10年屆滿,設計(新式樣)專利權期限自申請日當日起算12 年屆滿;衍生設計(聯合新式樣)專利權期限與原專利權期限同時屆滿。亦即,專利權發生效力是從公告日起算;專利權期限是從申請日當日起算。例如,某發明專利申請案之申請日為94 年9 月13 日,發證公告日為97 年7月11 日,其專利權期間為97 年7 月11 日起至114 年9 月12 日。
美國專利:
藉此機會又回頭看了一下那篇2013的PO文,連到USPTO「Patent Term Calculator(http://www.uspto.gov/patent/laws-and-regulations/patent-term-calculator)」,得到一些更新的資訊:
"Updated to include change in patent term to 15 years for design applications filed on or after May 13, 2015. (4/2/2015)"
英文"expiration date"字面上應指該日為"過期日",不過,規定上可能不是這樣理解。會影響到期日的因素有:專利型態(utility, design, plant)、申請日、核准日、CIP, CA, DIV等接續案、PTA、藥品專利延期、終權聲明(TD)與維持費繳付情況等。
Since the term of a patent for utility/patent patent(s) is no longer based upon a term fixed at grant, the number of factors that must be considered increase the difficulty in calculating the term of a patent. A patent owner or the public must consider the following factors in calculating the expiration date of a patent for utility and plant applications. The factors include the following:
- type of application(utility, design, plant);
- filing date of the application;
- the grant date of the patent;
- benefit claims under 35 U.S.C. § 120, 121 or 365(c);
- patent term adjustments and extensions under 35 U.S.C. § 154;
- patent term extensions under 35 U.S.C. § 156;
- terminal disclaimer(s); and
- timely payment of maintenance fees.
本篇提到的Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(a)(1):
(a) Computing Time. The following rules apply in computing any time period specified in these rules, in any local rule or court order, or in any statute that does not specify a method of computing time.
(1) Period Stated in Days or a Longer Unit. When the period is stated in days or a longer unit of time:
(A) exclude the day of the event that triggers the period;
(B) count every day, including intermediate Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays; and
(C) include the last day of the period, but if the last day is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the period continues to run until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.
這個聯邦法規討論到時間計算,以"天"來看,何謂"幾天"的期限,計算時會排除開始期限的那天;這個期限會計算包括週末例假日;如果最後一天是週末例假日,會延至下一個非週末例假日的當日。
其他同條規則:
(4) “Last Day” Defined. Unless a different time is set by a statute, local rule, or court order, the last day ends:
(A) for electronic filing, at midnight in the court's time zone; and
(B) for filing by other means, when the clerk's office is scheduled to close.
列舉一例:
日本:
網友提供內容顯示專利權及於申請後20年後的同日:
日本專利法對於期間的規定:
Article 3 (Calculation of time periods)
(1) The calculation of time periods under this Act or any order issued under this Act shall be made in accordance with the following provisions.
(i) The first day of the period shall not be included in the calculation; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the period of time commences at 00:00 hours.
(ii) Where the period is indicated by months or years, such months or years shall refer to calendar months or calendar years. Where the period is not calculated from the beginning of a month or a year, the period shall expire on the preceding day of the day corresponding to the first day of the calculation in the last month or year; provided, however, that where there is no corresponding day in the last month, the period shall expire on the last day of the last month.
(2) Where the last day of the prescribed period for any procedures relating to a patent (hereinafter referred to as "procedures") including filing a patent application and a request, is any of the days provided for in Article 1(1) of the Act on Holidays of Administrative Organs (Act No. 91 of 1988), the day following such day shall be the last day of the period.
這裡明確提到期間(專利有效期限為一段期間)的「首日」並不列入期間的計算,但還是有個條件是「不適用時間開始於00:00的期間計算」。若以年、月為期間的計算,以下一個月或年的首日過期。專利最後一日為假日時,延至隔天。
my two cents:
這樣看來公告日當日不算,那天僅是公告,專利有效期間自隔日起算!
如果有需要,還是要更嚴格的檢查是否如上所述,就我無責任看來,以美國專利期限計算為例,根據美國聯邦法規定的期日,會排除開始生效的第1日,於是「文中所寫到The Calculated expiration date for this Patent是表示從當日"的次日"專利才無效」。
日本專利的公告當日不列入有效期間計算,如申請日在1/1/1980,最後有效日為1/1/2000,到期日(最後一天)的次日才無效。
這樣,可能又有人問,其他國家呢?這都要去查詢一下,恐怕沒有一致的規則,就差那一天!
Ron
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