2019年9月20日 星期五

IPR程序會因為另一個民事程序而終止 - Cisco Sys., Inc. v. Chrimar Sys., Inc. (PTAB 2019)

這件USPTO標註為先例的案件有關IPR時間 - Cisco Sys., Inc. v. Chrimar Sys., Inc. (PTAB 2019)

案件資訊:
異議人:CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.
專利權人:CHRIMAR SYSTEMS, INC.
系爭專利:US8,902,760(IPR:IPR2018-01511

系爭專利US8,902,760關於具有一些中央網路設備與終端設備的網路系統,這些設備之間以兩條線路相連,其中一條用來輸送中央網路設備產生大小不一的直流電流,並可檢測各電流狀況,用以識別各個連接在此網路系統中的設備。



73. A BaseT Ethernet system comprising:
Ethernet cabling having at least first and second individual pairs of conductors used to carry BaseT Ethernet communication signals, the at least first and second individual pairs of conductors physically connect between a piece of BaseT Ethernet terminal equipment and a piece of central network equipment; the piece of central network equipment having at least one DC supply, the piece of BaseT Ethernet terminal equipment having at least one path to draw different magnitudes of current flow via the at least one DC supply through a loop formed over at least one of the conductors of the first pair of conductors and at least one of the conductors of the second pair of conductors, the piece of central network equipment to detect at least two different magnitudes of current flow through the loop.

Cisco對系爭專利提起IPR異議,PTAB受理後,專利權人Chrimar提出初步回應,兩邊來往了幾次回應。

此案例有關IPR提起的資格與時間規定,參照35 U.S.C. § 315(a)(1)。

[35 U.S.C. § 315(a)(1)]
35 U.S.C. 315 RELATION TO OTHER PROCEEDINGS OR ACTIONS.
(a) INFRINGER’S CIVIL ACTION.—

(1) INTER PARTES REVIEW BARRED BY CIVIL ACTION.—An inter partes review may not be instituted if, before the date on which the petition for such a review is filed, the petitioner or real party in interest filed a civil action challenging the validity of a claim of the patent.
...

這回涉及的議題是「IPR程序因民事訴訟而終止」,根據35 U.S.C. § 315(a)(1)規定,當提出IPR請願的時間,相關請願者或利害關係者已經提起挑戰系爭專利有效性的民事訴訟,可以終止IPR程序。

在此案例中,事實顯示,在Cisco提起IPR異議"之前",已經有"多個"關於系爭專利的民事訴訟,甚至還有進行中的再審程序(reexamination)與其他IPR,因此目前這個IPR異議被拒絕啟始



簡單搜尋一下有關US8,902,760的IPR:


(其中有Final written decision的案子顯示專利無效的決定)

由於在提起IPR異議之前,系爭專利有其他民事訴訟進行中,使得PTAB認為應該要拒絕啟始本案IPR,但Cisco答辯表示之前的訴訟已經主動被撤銷,不應終止本案。

不過,PTAB表示,根據35 U.S.C. § 315(a)(1)規定,其中並未有因為先前有訴訟而拒絕啟始的「例外情事」,也就是異議人主動撤銷民事訴訟"不是"否決「拒絕啟始」的條件

這時,過去報導關於「35 U.S.C. § 315(b)」的案例也有類似的情況,也就是即便之前提起的訴訟已經被撤銷,但是仍建立了time-bar的條件,可參考:沒有立場的訴訟仍建立提起IPR的time bar - GoPro, Inc. v. 360Heros, Inc., Case IPR2018-01754https://enpan.blogspot.com/2019/08/iprtime-bar-gopro-inc-v-360heros-inc.html
("提起IPR的時機顯然是嚴肅的程序問題,即便最初訴訟不成立或缺乏立場,仍有效地建立了time bar。")

本案中,也深入解釋法條中的「file」的意思,表示,只要"file"一個訴訟,就建立了「315(a)(1)阻礙(bar)」,不論後續狀態如何!

PTAB表示,主動撤銷訴訟是因為特定目的結束了法律效果,但對其他程序仍具有法律的效果。

"A voluntary dismissal without prejudice only leaves the dismissed action without legal effect for some purposes; for many other purposes, the dismissed action continues to have legal effect."



"... ordinary meaning of the phrase “filed a civil action” only requires that a party commenced a noncriminal litigation, not that the party engaged in any substantive litigation."

即便Cisco堅持會建立阻礙的先前訴訟應該是實質進行的訴訟,主動撤銷的不算,但PTAB認為,根據法條,仍確認本案IPR將被終止。




USPTO文件:
https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Cisco%20Systems%2C%20Inc.%20v.%20Chrimar%20Systems%2C%20Inc.%2C%20IPR2018-01511%20DDI%20%28Paper%2011%29.pdfhttps://app.box.com/s/eelvnurnggt5xq30928aej5pa1y14a8i

資料參考:
https://patentlyo.com/patent/2019/09/interpretation-applied-challenge.html

Ron

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