美國專利改革法案整理講義（貼自己文章的整理講義）
https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B9JP9FmDC05uQzFSaFpMVlpfQlE
相關資料推薦：
http://cdnet.stpi.narl.org.tw/techroom/pclass/2011/pclass_11_A218.htm（科技產業資訊室）
http://cdnet.stpi.narl.org.tw/techroom/pclass/complaint/Complaint_AIA_pclass_11_A218b_aia_effective_dates.pdf
http://www.naipo.com/%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E5%BA%AB/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%88%E5%88%A9%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88%E5%B0%88%E5%8D%80/tabid/649/language/en-US/Default.aspx（北美智權）
Ron
2012年12月25日 星期二
審查委員解釋專利範圍的規定
筆記
在審查意見的後段常常看到審查委員自行引用判例所規範的審查時應該考慮的事項，比如：
規範之一：
審查委員審查時可根據說明書揭露內容給予權利範圍最廣的解釋（office personnel are to give the claims their broadcast reasonable interpretation in light of the supporting disclosure） ，如CAFC在1997年的判決案例：In re Morris, 127 F.3d 1048, 1054-55, 44 USPQ2d 1023, 1027-28 (Fed. Cir. 1997)。
規範之二：
專利說明書中所記載的限制，若未引述在權利範圍中，不應將這些限制讀入權利範圍中（limitations appearing in the specification but not recited in the claim should not be read into the claim.），可參CCPA（United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals，目的之一是由美國國會成立為法院能審查專利案件的行政機關）於1969年的判決案例：In re Prater, 415 F.2d 1393, 1404-05, 162 USPQ 541, 550-551 (CCPA 1969)。
因此審查委員審理案件時，可以自行以最廣而合理的方式解釋專利範圍，也以他自己理解最廣的解釋範圍進行檢索。
Ron
其他參考：
http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2012/08/mpep-2106-ii-c.html
2012年12月24日 星期一
MERRY CHRISTMAS & Happy New Year 2013
2012年12月22日 星期六
當大家搶著要的時候，最好也去插一腳
最近從新聞得知不少和平收場的戲碼，包括Nokia, RIM的和解、Kodak與眾多公司的專利買賣、歐洲法庭不同意Samsung濫用基礎專利...等。所知有限所以挑容易的來看！
即便有些專利訴訟失利，傳統大廠Kodak持續與許多大公司有專利糾紛，靠的就是累積多年的影像技術，但是以戰養和應該是最終目的吧，包括要清算自己破產後的財產。
當大家搶著要的時候，最好也去插一腳，目的是插一腳的人應該有將來被告豁免的權利，也可以撤回最近纏身的訴訟！
新聞：Google, Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, hTC, LG, Facebook, Amazon等大廠用不同的名義，如 Intellectual Ventures, RPX Corporation（可參考：http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2009/01/non-practicing-entities-npe.html），用5億多美金取得Kodak專利（授權或買賣），特別是數位影像技術相關的專利。
分開兩個陣營取得專利的有：Intellectual Ventures Management：Apple、Microsoft；RPX Corp.：Google、hTC、Samsung、LG Electronics，這些參一咖的公司應該至少不會被這些授權專利所干擾！
簡單分析：
從USPTO的專利資料庫受讓人（assignee）用"Kodak/Eastman Kodak"來找，核准專利就有20000多件！真是個驚人的數目，"難怪會倒"，如果訴訟不贏、授權不順，光年費就耗掉許多的EPS吧！
從Kodak最新的美國領證專利（US8335509）來看，就涉及了行動通訊的技術，大概是指根據行動裝置接收目前連線的基地台的資訊與新接收到附近基地台的資訊（特別是時間、功率）來決定是否要進行換手（換連線基地台）的技術。
另外，特別的是，最新公開的美國專利申請案（US20120155927）仍有關傳統的顯影技術，真是特別！
從Kodak有史以來的專利佈局來看，前幾名大概有這樣的分佈（概略作出的餅圖，請別當作嚴肅話題研究），而且這些技術分類的申請量在世界上都是名列前茅（資料來源分析工具：PatentBuddy）！
Ron
資料參考：http://www.macobserver.com
即便有些專利訴訟失利，傳統大廠Kodak持續與許多大公司有專利糾紛，靠的就是累積多年的影像技術，但是以戰養和應該是最終目的吧，包括要清算自己破產後的財產。
當大家搶著要的時候，最好也去插一腳，目的是插一腳的人應該有將來被告豁免的權利，也可以撤回最近纏身的訴訟！
新聞：Google, Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, hTC, LG, Facebook, Amazon等大廠用不同的名義，如 Intellectual Ventures, RPX Corporation（可參考：http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2009/01/non-practicing-entities-npe.html），用5億多美金取得Kodak專利（授權或買賣），特別是數位影像技術相關的專利。
分開兩個陣營取得專利的有：Intellectual Ventures Management：Apple、Microsoft；RPX Corp.：Google、hTC、Samsung、LG Electronics，這些參一咖的公司應該至少不會被這些授權專利所干擾！
簡單分析：
從USPTO的專利資料庫受讓人（assignee）用"Kodak/Eastman Kodak"來找，核准專利就有20000多件！真是個驚人的數目，"難怪會倒"，如果訴訟不贏、授權不順，光年費就耗掉許多的EPS吧！
從Kodak最新的美國領證專利（US8335509）來看，就涉及了行動通訊的技術，大概是指根據行動裝置接收目前連線的基地台的資訊與新接收到附近基地台的資訊（特別是時間、功率）來決定是否要進行換手（換連線基地台）的技術。
另外，特別的是，最新公開的美國專利申請案（US20120155927）仍有關傳統的顯影技術，真是特別！
從Kodak有史以來的專利佈局來看，前幾名大概有這樣的分佈（概略作出的餅圖，請別當作嚴肅話題研究），而且這些技術分類的申請量在世界上都是名列前茅（資料來源分析工具：PatentBuddy）！
Ron
資料參考：http://www.macobserver.com
2012年12月21日 星期五
英國對軟體專利的態度，包括Fujitsu1997年案例
英國對軟體專利的態度
[原文]
Patentable inventions
1.
(1) A patent may be granted only for an invention in respect of which the following conditions are satisfied, that is to say -
(a) the invention is new;
(b) it involves an inventive step;
(c) it is capable of industrial application;
(d) the grant of a patent for it is not excluded by subsections (2) and (3) or section 4Abelow;
and references in this Act to a patentable invention shall be construed accordingly.
(2) It is hereby declared that the following (among other things) are not inventions for the purposes of this Act, that is to say, anything which consists of -
(a) a discovery, scientific theory or mathematical method;
(b) a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation whatsoever;
(c) a scheme, rule or method for performing a mental act, playing a game or doing business, or a program for a computer;
(d) the presentation of information;
but the foregoing provision shall prevent anything from being treated as an invention for the purposes of this Act only to the extent that a patent or application for a patent relates to that thing as such.
“technical contribution” is needed to make a potentially excluded thing patentable，Fujitsu上訴案例, 1997"
Fujitsu對於自己在英國專利局提出的申請案被駁回的情況，於1997年上訴英格蘭與威爾斯上訴法院（Court of Appeal of England and Wales）。
相關專利為英國公開GB2254458A「METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MODELING SYNTHETIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE」
涉及在電腦中型塑晶體結構的工具，這個工具讓使用者可以利用新的材料組合在電腦中模擬出晶體結構，相較於先前以手作的方式，此方式為透過電腦演算的技術自動產生模擬結果。
專利範圍獨立項如下：
1. A method for modeling a synthetic crystal structure formed of a first crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices and a second crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) representing said first crystal structure by using a first coordinate system and said second crystal structure by using a second coordinate system;
(b) specifying a first atom, a first lattice and a first crystal face of said first crystal structure, said first crystal face including said first atom and said first lattice;
(c) specifying a second atom, a second lattice and a second crystal face of said second crystal structure, said second crystal face including said second atom and said second lattice;;
(d) transforming said second crystal structure system represented by said second coordinate system into a second crystal structure represented by said first coordinate system so that an assembling condition is satisfied, said assembling condition being defined as a condition in which said second atom, said second lattice and said crystal face of said second crystal structure are respectively superposed on said first atom, said first lattice and said first crystal face of said first crystal structure; and
(e) adding said second crystal structure represented by the first coordinate system to said first crystal structure represented in step (a), sc that a synthetic crystal structure formed of said first and second crystal structures represented by the first coordinate system, is obtained.
其中之一裝置範圍如下：
9. An apparatus for modeling a synthetic crystal structure formed of a first crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices and a second crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices, said apparatus comprising:
selection means for selecting first data corresponding to said first crystal structure and second data corresponding to said second crystal structure, said first data being represented by a first coordinate system, and said second data being represented by a second coordinate system;
first specifying means, coupled to said selecting means, for specifying a first atom, a first lattice and a first crystal face of said first crystal structure, said first crystal face including said first atom and said first lattice;;
second specifying means, coupled to said selection means, for specifying a second atom, a second lattice and a second crystal face of said second crystal structure, said second crystal structure including said second atom and said second lattice;
transformation means for transforming said second crystal structure system represented by said second coordinate system into that represented by said first coordinate system so that an assembling condition is satisfied, said assembling condition being defined as a condition in which said second atom, said second lattice and said crystal face of said second crystal structure are respectively superposed on said first atom, said first lattice and said first crystal face of said first crystal structure; and
display means for displaying second crystal structure, obtained by said transformation means, along with said first crystal structure selected by said selection means, so that a synthetic crystal structure formed of said first and second crystal structures represented by the first coordinate system is displayed by said display means.
其實英國法院對此類電腦軟體的專利態度是依循著歐洲專利局的決定，也就是：即便為抽象概念的軟體發明，但如果有技術貢獻，仍不排除其具有專利性的可能。
但對此軟體發明而言，顯然是個有用的工具（useful tool），但是仍不能排除是一個電腦軟體，僅是把原本手作的動作改成自動的電腦程式，被認定沒有技術貢獻（no technical contribution），結果是確認英國專利局的核駁決定，認為發明為電腦程式本身（computer program as such）。
資料參考：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patents_under_United_Kingdom_patent_law
在英國專利法中，提到可專利與不可專利的標的，如下：
可專利的事項：
(a)新的發明
(b)具有進步性
(c)有產業利用性
不可專利的事項：
(a)發現、科學理論、數學方法
(b)文學、戲劇、音樂、藝術活動、美學創作
(c)心智活動、遊戲、商業活動、電腦軟體
(d)資訊表示
在此規定之後提到，如果發明僅涉及上述不可專利事項的本身（as such），則不可專利，但其衍生的技術若有技術貢獻，即便是著墨在上述法定不可專利的事項，仍不排除為可專利的標的（可參閱1997年Fujitsu案例）
[原文]
Patentable inventions
1.
(1) A patent may be granted only for an invention in respect of which the following conditions are satisfied, that is to say -
(a) the invention is new;
(b) it involves an inventive step;
(c) it is capable of industrial application;
(d) the grant of a patent for it is not excluded by subsections (2) and (3) or section 4Abelow;
and references in this Act to a patentable invention shall be construed accordingly.
(2) It is hereby declared that the following (among other things) are not inventions for the purposes of this Act, that is to say, anything which consists of -
(a) a discovery, scientific theory or mathematical method;
(b) a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation whatsoever;
(c) a scheme, rule or method for performing a mental act, playing a game or doing business, or a program for a computer;
(d) the presentation of information;
but the foregoing provision shall prevent anything from being treated as an invention for the purposes of this Act only to the extent that a patent or application for a patent relates to that thing as such.
“technical contribution” is needed to make a potentially excluded thing patentable，Fujitsu上訴案例, 1997"
Fujitsu對於自己在英國專利局提出的申請案被駁回的情況，於1997年上訴英格蘭與威爾斯上訴法院（Court of Appeal of England and Wales）。
相關專利為英國公開GB2254458A「METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MODELING SYNTHETIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE」
涉及在電腦中型塑晶體結構的工具，這個工具讓使用者可以利用新的材料組合在電腦中模擬出晶體結構，相較於先前以手作的方式，此方式為透過電腦演算的技術自動產生模擬結果。
專利範圍獨立項如下：
1. A method for modeling a synthetic crystal structure formed of a first crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices and a second crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) representing said first crystal structure by using a first coordinate system and said second crystal structure by using a second coordinate system;
(b) specifying a first atom, a first lattice and a first crystal face of said first crystal structure, said first crystal face including said first atom and said first lattice;
(c) specifying a second atom, a second lattice and a second crystal face of said second crystal structure, said second crystal face including said second atom and said second lattice;;
(d) transforming said second crystal structure system represented by said second coordinate system into a second crystal structure represented by said first coordinate system so that an assembling condition is satisfied, said assembling condition being defined as a condition in which said second atom, said second lattice and said crystal face of said second crystal structure are respectively superposed on said first atom, said first lattice and said first crystal face of said first crystal structure; and
(e) adding said second crystal structure represented by the first coordinate system to said first crystal structure represented in step (a), sc that a synthetic crystal structure formed of said first and second crystal structures represented by the first coordinate system, is obtained.
其中之一裝置範圍如下：
9. An apparatus for modeling a synthetic crystal structure formed of a first crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices and a second crystal structure having a plurality of atoms and lattices, said apparatus comprising:
selection means for selecting first data corresponding to said first crystal structure and second data corresponding to said second crystal structure, said first data being represented by a first coordinate system, and said second data being represented by a second coordinate system;
first specifying means, coupled to said selecting means, for specifying a first atom, a first lattice and a first crystal face of said first crystal structure, said first crystal face including said first atom and said first lattice;;
second specifying means, coupled to said selection means, for specifying a second atom, a second lattice and a second crystal face of said second crystal structure, said second crystal structure including said second atom and said second lattice;
transformation means for transforming said second crystal structure system represented by said second coordinate system into that represented by said first coordinate system so that an assembling condition is satisfied, said assembling condition being defined as a condition in which said second atom, said second lattice and said crystal face of said second crystal structure are respectively superposed on said first atom, said first lattice and said first crystal face of said first crystal structure; and
display means for displaying second crystal structure, obtained by said transformation means, along with said first crystal structure selected by said selection means, so that a synthetic crystal structure formed of said first and second crystal structures represented by the first coordinate system is displayed by said display means.
但對此軟體發明而言，顯然是個有用的工具（useful tool），但是仍不能排除是一個電腦軟體，僅是把原本手作的動作改成自動的電腦程式，被認定沒有技術貢獻（no technical contribution），結果是確認英國專利局的核駁決定，認為發明為電腦程式本身（computer program as such）。
最後狀態：
08.04.1997 Appeal to the Court of Appeal dismissed;leave to appeal to the
House of Lords refused.
後語：
這件專利申請人已經在說明書與權利範圍下足功夫避免被認定是純粹的電腦軟體，
但是結果在當年的上訴法院的氣氛下是不符可專利標的的，這確實也與多年前歐洲
對軟體專利的保守態度差一致，但如今，我認為應該是有可專利的機會的！不過這
已經形成案例，仍需有一些申請人願意挑戰才知道！ 另外，專利制度與判斷標準確實是與時俱進，不斷改變，如果申請人一味用結果怪
罪撰寫的工程師或事務所，或處理的IH工程師(updated on Dec.22,2012)，這真是需要
再加油。沒有sense的行為！
Ron
資料參考：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patents_under_United_Kingdom_patent_law
2012年12月20日 星期四
蘋果觸控專利再次岌岌可危（三）
US 7,844,915被初步認定不具專利性，對Apple來說顯然又是一個極大的挫折，因為先前加州地方法院認定Samsung的二十多款產品侵害此「觸控縮放(pinch to zoom)」的觸控介面專利，這個再審（re-examination）核駁意見應該會影響接下去的法院決定！
可參考：http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2012/08/applesamsung.html
其中被判侵權的專利範圍為Claim 8，此項界定機器可讀儲存媒體，用以儲存讓一個資料處理系統執行以下方法的指令（instructions），方法包括：
接收使用者在前述資料處理系統的觸控顯示器上多點輸入；建立一對應輸入的事件物件（如捲動手勢）；判斷事件為捲動或是單點或多點手勢；根據判斷發出相對的程式呼叫（call）；回應此捲動或手勢呼叫，執行視窗捲動（scrolling），或是縮放（scalling）。
再審（re-exam）的一些摘要：
初步審查Claims 1-21全數被核駁！
請求進入再審程序的引用前案：
審查核駁理由：
其中引用Hillis主要引證案引用102核駁7,844,915，包括前述Claim 8。
Hillis案（US7,724,242）揭露一種觸控裝置上多個影像層（multiple image layers）的運作，從示意圖可見，此專利涉及的技術是「大顯示器」的觸控技術，而且在沒有現今這麼大LCD顯示器的製程下，只能用投射的方式形成大面積顯示的目的。
其中提到顯示螢幕上的多個影像各有各的座標，並且會相互重疊，之後根據使用的觸碰，可以讓下層的影像浮出。
對應Claim 8的審查意見：
因為此為Ex Parte的再審程序，唯有Apple可以對此再審作出回應，之後Apple的作法顯然是要保住Claim 8為首要任務，而且修改權利範圍不能脫離侵權認同的範圍！
Ron
資料參考：Mac Rumors
http://www.theverge.com/2012/8/30/3279628/apple-pinch-to-zoom-patent-myth
可參考：http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2012/08/applesamsung.html
其中被判侵權的專利範圍為Claim 8，此項界定機器可讀儲存媒體，用以儲存讓一個資料處理系統執行以下方法的指令（instructions），方法包括：
接收使用者在前述資料處理系統的觸控顯示器上多點輸入；建立一對應輸入的事件物件（如捲動手勢）；判斷事件為捲動或是單點或多點手勢；根據判斷發出相對的程式呼叫（call）；回應此捲動或手勢呼叫，執行視窗捲動（scrolling），或是縮放（scalling）。
8. A machine readable storage medium storing executable program
instructions which when executed cause a data processing system to
perform a method comprising:
- receiving a user input, the user input is one or more input points applied to a touch-sensitive display that is integrated with the data processing system;
- creating an event object in response to the user input;
- determining whether the event object invokes a scroll or gesture operation by distinguishing between a single input point applied to the touch-sensitive display that is interpreted as the scroll operation and two or more input points applied to the touch-sensitive display that are interpreted as the gesture operation;
- issuing at least one scroll or gesture call based on invoking the scroll or gesture operation;
- responding to at least one scroll call, if issued, by scrolling a window having a view associated with the event object; and
- responding to at least one gesture call, if issued, by scaling the view associated with the event object based on receiving the two or more input points in the form of the user input.
再審（re-exam）的一些摘要：
Hillis案（US7,724,242）揭露一種觸控裝置上多個影像層（multiple image layers）的運作，從示意圖可見，此專利涉及的技術是「大顯示器」的觸控技術，而且在沒有現今這麼大LCD顯示器的製程下，只能用投射的方式形成大面積顯示的目的。
其中提到顯示螢幕上的多個影像各有各的座標，並且會相互重疊，之後根據使用的觸碰，可以讓下層的影像浮出。
對應Claim 8的審查意見：
因為此為Ex Parte的再審程序，唯有Apple可以對此再審作出回應，之後Apple的作法顯然是要保住Claim 8為首要任務，而且修改權利範圍不能脫離侵權認同的範圍！
Ron
資料參考：Mac Rumors
http://www.theverge.com/2012/8/30/3279628/apple-pinch-to-zoom-patent-myth
2012年12月17日 星期一
Apple侵害Nokia,Sony與MPEG LA聯盟專利
相對於蘋果以觸控使用者介面的專利威脅其他手機廠的方式，現在可以反過來對抗蘋果的專利則為更早以前的使用者介面專利
美國Delaware地方法院陪審團在上週作出蘋果iPhone侵害MobileMedia Ideas的三件專利，這間MobileMedia Ideas是由Nokia, Sony與MPEG LA合組的專利授權公司（可參考：http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2012/12/patent-monetization-entity.html）
updated on Dec. 18, 2012
這幾件專利最後都經讓與給「MOBILEMEDIA IDEAS LLC」，簡介如下：
US 6,070,068是一件Sony於2000年（申請日在1997年）獲得的美國專利，揭露一個通訊裝置，在打電話時，可以不用太多操作過程而能簡易地撥號與連線，這就是一般常用透過通訊錄預設好的聯絡人進行通話的技術，過程可能會顯示在裝置的螢幕上，但是就是不用太多的操作步驟。實施例如螢幕上會顯示出來電（可能是未接來電、插撥、多方通話），使用者可以自行設定處理來電的程序，使用者簡單點選來電的訊息而完成後續動作，包括回撥、斷線、多方通話等。
被判iPhone直接侵權的部份為此案的Claims 23, 24，這兩項為附屬項，其依附對象為Claim 17，內容大致為顯示來電的處理項目（如接起、斷線、多方通話），經選擇其一項目後，根據使用者設定進行後續步驟，附屬項細節界定每個來電都有對應的處理項目，並且顯示出來。在現在看來十分直覺的技術，在十多年前顯然都是具有新穎性、進步性的技術！
17. A communicating method for controlling a connecting state of a call into a desired connecting state upon a predetermined operation by a user, comprising the steps of:
US 6,253,075為Nokia於2001年獲准的專利，申請日在1998年，同樣是處理手機來電的技術，這件專利則著重在拒絕來電的方法，也就是讓使用手機的人可以自動根據設定（黑名單）拒絕特定對象的來電，當收到來電時，若符合黑名單，則對基地台發出訊息中斷通訊。其中被判蘋果直接侵權的項目為Claims 5, 6, 10，其中獨立項如下：
5. A method of rejecting an incoming call to a mobile phone, said mobile phone having a transceiver circuit for transmitting and receiving transmissions to and from a remote transceiver, said mobile phone in communication with a first calling station via the remote transceiver on a communication channel in a wireless system, said method comprising the steps of:
US 6,427,078是Nokia於2002年獲准的專利，申請日為1997年，是一個具有照相機的手機，專利內容主要是描述一個數據卡（data card），其中整合了照相元件，
被判直接侵權的項目為Claim 73，其中描述的手機有內建照相單元、讓使用者輸入操作的使用者介面、顯示拍照影像的顯示器、微處理器。權利範圍反映就是照相手機。
73. A portable cellular mobile phone comprising:
以上專利的介紹可見一些"基礎"的手機技術，常見於各種手機功能上，有網站提到Nokia 7650（有照相功能）是在專利完成後5年後才出現。我想，這些專利也不是沒有其他先前技術（審查委員引用的前案也是長長一大串），或許Apple也可以對這些專利提出無效主張，但顯然是Apple難以迴避的前案。根據FOSS Patents文章表示，相關訴訟在另一法院也對hTC與RIM提出告訴。
陪審團簡易判決內容，顯示iPhone直接侵害上述共有6項範圍：
MobileMedia Ideas v Apple Verdict (Redacted)
Ron
資料來源：FOSS Patents
美國Delaware地方法院陪審團在上週作出蘋果iPhone侵害MobileMedia Ideas的三件專利，這間MobileMedia Ideas是由Nokia, Sony與MPEG LA合組的專利授權公司（可參考：http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2012/12/patent-monetization-entity.html）
updated on Dec. 18, 2012
這幾件專利最後都經讓與給「MOBILEMEDIA IDEAS LLC」，簡介如下：
US 6,070,068是一件Sony於2000年（申請日在1997年）獲得的美國專利，揭露一個通訊裝置，在打電話時，可以不用太多操作過程而能簡易地撥號與連線，這就是一般常用透過通訊錄預設好的聯絡人進行通話的技術，過程可能會顯示在裝置的螢幕上，但是就是不用太多的操作步驟。實施例如螢幕上會顯示出來電（可能是未接來電、插撥、多方通話），使用者可以自行設定處理來電的程序，使用者簡單點選來電的訊息而完成後續動作，包括回撥、斷線、多方通話等。
被判iPhone直接侵權的部份為此案的Claims 23, 24，這兩項為附屬項，其依附對象為Claim 17，內容大致為顯示來電的處理項目（如接起、斷線、多方通話），經選擇其一項目後，根據使用者設定進行後續步驟，附屬項細節界定每個來電都有對應的處理項目，並且顯示出來。在現在看來十分直覺的技術，在十多年前顯然都是具有新穎性、進步性的技術！
17. A communicating method for controlling a connecting state of a call into a desired connecting state upon a predetermined operation by a user, comprising the steps of:
- displaying processing items available to the user relative to the call on a display;
- selecting and determining a desired processing item out of said processing items displayed on said display by the user operating an input unit; and
- controlling the processing items being displayed on said display and controlling the call into a connecting state corresponding to the processing item selected and determined by the operation of said input unit by the user, wherein said step of controlling the processing items includes displaying said processing items on said display when a predetermined selection operation is made by the user.
- said step of controlling the processing items includes listing said processing items available to the call on said display for each call.
- when a processing for one call is determined by said step of selecting and a processing for another call is naturally determined, said step of controlling said processing items includes listing only processing items available to said one call on said display.
US 6,253,075為Nokia於2001年獲准的專利，申請日在1998年，同樣是處理手機來電的技術，這件專利則著重在拒絕來電的方法，也就是讓使用手機的人可以自動根據設定（黑名單）拒絕特定對象的來電，當收到來電時，若符合黑名單，則對基地台發出訊息中斷通訊。其中被判蘋果直接侵權的項目為Claims 5, 6, 10，其中獨立項如下：
5. A method of rejecting an incoming call to a mobile phone, said mobile phone having a transceiver circuit for transmitting and receiving transmissions to and from a remote transceiver, said mobile phone in communication with a first calling station via the remote transceiver on a communication channel in a wireless system, said method comprising the steps of:
- receiving at the mobile phone, a transmission from the remote transceiver signifying that there is an incoming call;
- determining at the mobile phone if said incoming call is to be rejected; and
- transmitting from the mobile phone a rejection message to the remote transceiver in response to a determination being made, during said step of determining, that said incoming call is to be rejected, said rejection message comprising at least one information element indicating to the wireless system that the wireless system is to immediately release the incoming call on the communication channel between the mobile phone and remote transceiver.
- a transceiver operable to send and receive transmissions to and from a remote transceiver in a wireless system on a communication channel, said transceiver for receiving a transmission signifying that an incoming call is being attempted; and
- a control processor coupled to said transceiver, said control processor for determining if said incoming call is to be rejected, and, in response to a positive determination, said control processor for outputting a rejection message to said transceiver for transmission to said remote transceiver, wherein said rejection message comprises at least one information element indicating to the wireless system that the wireless system is to immediately release the incoming call on the communication channel between the mobile communications device and remote transceiver.
US 6,427,078是Nokia於2002年獲准的專利，申請日為1997年，是一個具有照相機的手機，專利內容主要是描述一個數據卡（data card），其中整合了照相元件，
被判直接侵權的項目為Claim 73，其中描述的手機有內建照相單元、讓使用者輸入操作的使用者介面、顯示拍照影像的顯示器、微處理器。權利範圍反映就是照相手機。
73. A portable cellular mobile phone comprising:
- a built in camera unit for obtaining image information;
- a user interface for enabling a user to input signals to operate the camera unit;
- a display for presenting image information obtained by the camera unit;
- a microprocessor adapted to control the operations of the camera unit in response to input signals from the user interface, and to process image information received by the camera unit; and
- means, coupled to said microprocessor, for transmitting image information processed by said microprocessor to another location using a radio frequency channel;
- optics for obtaining image information;
- an image sensor for obtaining image information; and means for processing and for storing at least a portion of the image information obtained by the camera unit for later recall and processing.
以上專利的介紹可見一些"基礎"的手機技術，常見於各種手機功能上，有網站提到Nokia 7650（有照相功能）是在專利完成後5年後才出現。我想，這些專利也不是沒有其他先前技術（審查委員引用的前案也是長長一大串），或許Apple也可以對這些專利提出無效主張，但顯然是Apple難以迴避的前案。根據FOSS Patents文章表示，相關訴訟在另一法院也對hTC與RIM提出告訴。
陪審團簡易判決內容，顯示iPhone直接侵害上述共有6項範圍：
MobileMedia Ideas v Apple Verdict (Redacted)
Ron
資料來源：FOSS Patents
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