2019年2月20日 星期三

老問題 - machine or transformation - Bancorp Servs v. Sun Life Assurance (Fed. Cir. 2012)

Bancorp Servs., LLC. v. Sun Life Assurance Co. of Can. (Fed. Cir. 2012)

原告/上訴人/專利權人:BANCORP SERVICES, L.L.C.
被告/被上訴人:SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA (U.S.)
被告:ANALECT LLC
系爭專利:US5,926,792、US7,249,037
判決文:July 26, 2012

本案緣起專利權人Bancorp以'792在2000年對加拿大公司Sun Life Assurance Company提出侵權告訴,之後在2009年又加入'037案,在各種攻防中,Sun對系爭專利提起不符35 U.S.C.§ 101的簡易判決請願,當時剛好最高法院作出Bilski v. Kappos案決定(2010年),地院在2010年作出系爭專利不符35 U.S.C.§ 101的判決,理由是:系爭專利沒有連結到machine,其中處理器沒有超越一般目的電腦;系爭專利沒有轉換原始資料到超越資料本身的事物上。專利權人Bancorp上訴CAFC。



地院意見:


Bilski案的簡單結論是,雖然「machine-or-transformation」測試不是發明是否抽象的唯一判斷方法,但是卻是有用的方法。

參考相關報導:
- Bilski判例最新解讀(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2010/07/bilski.html
- 從Bilski案看軟體專利(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2010/07/bilski_20.html

- USPTO對於Bilski最新判決的過渡作法(http://enpan.blogspot.tw/2010/08/usptobilski.html

兩件系爭專利有相同的揭露內容,'792關於管理穩定投資價值計畫的方法,方法是追蹤、協調與管理不同帳戶的保險策略,包括穩定價值基金,回饋價值轉換成每天、每個基金的單位價值,系統將即時追蹤時機、金額與重分配的數量、價值、信用與交易等資訊,使得可以計畫未來。

(編按,根據這個描述,獲准於1999年的系爭專利,簡單來說,是通過收集各樣的資訊提供穩定投資與保險計畫,這樣的發明在現在的標準下,確實是會遇到極大的101問題)



1. A computer system for managing a life insurance policy on behalf of a policy holder, the computer system comprising:
generating means for generating a life insurance policy including a stable value protected investment with an initial value based on a value of underlying securities;
fee calculating means for calculating fee units for members of a management group which manage the life insurance policy;
credit calculating means for calculating surrender value protected investment credits for the life insurance policy;
investment determining means for determining an investment value and a value of the underlying securities for the current day;
policy calculating means for calculating a policy value and a policy unit value for the current day;
storing means for storing the policy unit value for the current day; and
one of:
removing means for removing the fees units for members of the management group which manages the life insurance policy, and
accumulating means for accumulating fee units on behalf of the management group.

編按,相對於1999年獲准的'792(比較老派的means-plus-function Claim),'037的系統專利範圍改為「generator、calculator、debitor」等寫法,在現在112的標準下,仍是會被認定是「功能手段用語」。

'037修正過程顯示刪除過去的寫法:


'037的Claim 1:

1. A life insurance policy management system comprising:
a policy generator for generating a life insurance policy including a stable value protected investment with an initial value based on a value of underlying securities of the stable value protected investment;
a fee calculator for calculating fees for members of a management group which manage the life insurance policy;
a credit calculator for calculating credits for the stable value protected investment of the life insurance policy;
an investment calculator for determining an investment value and a value of the underlying securities of the stable value protected investment for the current day;
a policy calculator for calculating a policy value and a policy unit value for the current day;
digital storage for storing the policy unit value for the current day; and
a debitor for removing a value of the fees for members of the management group which manages the life insurance policy.

CAFC階段:

一個重要的原則,判斷專利範圍是否符合35 U.S.C.§ 101,案件要先經過解釋專利範圍,法院的判斷是,即便專利範圍用了一些「裝置」的寫法,如generator, calculator, digital storage,但是根據說明書與圖式,專利描述了一般電腦、中央處理器與記憶體等元件,而方法項的內容顯示,方法並不"一定"需要電腦的工作,整體專利範圍看來,電腦不是實現方法的必要元件。



專利是否符合35 U.S.C.§ 101,先看發明是否在101規定的process (method), manufacture, composition of matter, material類別中,最高法院也提出幾個法定例外不可專利:laws of nature, physical phenomena, abstract idea。

這裡法院對laws of nature, physical phenomena, abstract idea有很好的整理:


案件審理中,又遇到經典案例「CLS Bank International v. Alice Corp」,只是並未改變本次法院對101的判斷。

根據Bilski案,發明若是使用抽象概念的事項(如市場風險),以已知技術(市場分析技術)建立一些輸入方程式的輸入值,不符專利適格性規定。

對於本案,系爭專利也為使用抽象概念(如管理保險策略的穩定價值)建立一些輸入值,同樣被認為不符專利適格性規定,如Bilski,沒有轉換(transformation)的任何效果

法院判決系爭專利並沒有超越不可專利的抽象概念。

my two cents:
這件案子過後,系爭案'037也就沒有繼續維持,已經自動無效。



判決文:http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/11-1467.pdf(備份:https://app.box.com/s/xssm507gh7awl8sl56atr7l248la9jrd

Ron

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