原告：JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
被告：KIRTSAENG, DBA BLUECHRISTINE99
意見摘自法院Syllabus：
根據美國著作權規定，其中關於「first sale doctrine（第一次販售原理）」，提供著作權人權利及於販售複製品與錄音產品，進口未被著作權人授權的複製品為侵權行為。所述「第一次販售原理」是指原在美國國內製造而販售到國外的複製品，著作權不及於再由傳送國外進口已經授權的複製品。
原告John Wiley & Sons, Inc.為著名書商，特別是教科書出版，授權其國外子公司出版、印刷與販售國外版權印刷品。被告Kirtsaeng從泰國到美國留學，他要求家人在泰國書店買英文教科書（這樣比美國買便宜），再寄到美國。之後，他還將書賣出去，並補償協助買書的家人，也因此賺取利潤。
書商Wiley不爽，對他提告，主張被告Kirtsaeng未被授權進口與重新販售書籍的侵害著作權行為。被告Kirtsaeng主張他所販售的合法製造的書，符合17 U.S.C. 109(a)第一次販售原理（first sale doctrine）的販售行為。
地方法院認為所述第一次販售原理不適用國外製造的美國著作權產品，因此認為被告Kirtsaeng主張無理由，陪審團更認為被告為蓄意侵權。上訴法院（Second Circuit）也同意地院意見。
案件進入最高法院，最高法院不認同被告與其他法院意見，認為不應將「地理限制（geographical limitation）」用在著作權，指著作權不應區分國內國外，被告是在符合著作權法的情況下而適用「第一次販售原理」，也如著作權法109(a)的規定...whichever occurs first，與地理位置無關。
17 U.S.C. §109(a) 規定我們只要考慮合法與非法製造（lawfully made / unlawfully made）就好。而且，依照最高法院意見，原來109(a)立法的意旨也沒有地理限制的概念，
這樣看來，著作權法沒有屬地主義（沒有地理限制），只要合法印刷/製造，即便是在國外印刷/販售，都可以再販售到美國。
在此「first sale doctrine（第一次販售）」原理下，很多涉及再販售的商業活動，如圖書館、二手書、零售商都可被保護。
"(4) Library associations, used-book dealers, technology companies, consumer-goods retailers, and museums point to various ways in which a geographical interpretation would fail to further basic constitutional copyright objectives, in particular “promoting the Progress of Science and useful Arts."
[相關法條]
17 U.S.C. §106 EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS IN COPYRIGHTED WORKS
Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:
(1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords;
(2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work;
(3) to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
(4) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works, to perform the copyrighted work publicly;
(5) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to display the copyrighted work publicly; and
(6) in the case of sound recordings, to perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.
17 U.S.C. §109 LIMITATIONS ON EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS: EFFECT OF TRANSFER OF PARTICULAR COPY OR PHONORECORD
(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106(3), the owner of a particular copy or phonorecord lawfully made under this title, or any person authorized by such owner, is entitled, without the authority of the copyright owner, to sell or otherwise dispose of the possession of that copy or phonorecord. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, copies or phonorecords of works subject to restored copyright under section 104A that are manufactured before the date of restoration of copyright or, with respect to reliance parties, before publication or service of notice under section 104A(e), may be sold or otherwise disposed of without the authorization of the owner of the restored copyright for purposes of direct or indirect commercial advantage only during the 12-month period beginning on—
(1) the date of the publication in the Federal Register of the notice of intent filed with the Copyright Office under section 104A(d)(2)(A), or
(2) the date of the receipt of actual notice served under section 104A(d)(2)(B),
whichever occurs first.
...最高法院意見：
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/11-697_d1o2.pdf
（備份：https://app.box.com/s/r34how5zbvsyzi3ax3zcxed9bq34xmtk）
Ron
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