潘榮恩專利部落格、專利實務、專利筆記與Linux
enpan's Patent & Linux practice
(http://enpan.blogspot.tw/, http://enpan.blogspot.com/)
(接受委託安排課程)
ronpan@gmail.com,
enpan@msn.com
2023年10月31日 星期二
英國專利法 - 可專利的電腦程式案例 - Symbian Ltd v Comptroller General of Patents
2023年10月27日 星期五
Mail Stop筆記
Mail Stop
Designations Explanation
Mail Stop 12 Contributions to the Examiner Education Program.
Mail Stop 313(c) Petitions under 37 CFR 1.313(c) to withdraw a
patent application from issue after payment of
the issue fee and any papers associated with the
petition, including papers necessary for a
continuing application or a request for
continued examination (RCE).
Mail Stop AF Amendments and other responses after final
rejection (e.g., a notice of appeal (and any
request for pre-appeal brief conference)),
other than an appeal brief.
Mail Stop Amendment Information disclosure statements, drawings, and
replies to Office actions in patent applications
with or without an amendment to the application or
a terminal disclaimer. (Use Mail Stop AF for
replies after final rejection.).
Mail Stop Appeal For appeal briefs or other briefs under
Brief-Patents part 41 of title 37 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (e.g., former 37 CFR 1.192).
Mail Stop Public comments regarding patent related
Comments-Patents regulations and procedures.
Mail Stop Conversion Requests under 37 CFR 1.53(c)(2) to convert a
nonprovisional application to a provisional
application and requests under 37 CFR 1.53(c)(3)
to convert a provisional application to a
nonprovisional application.
Mail Stop DD Disclosure Documents or materials related to the
Disclosure Document Program. (A disclosure document
is NOT an information disclosure statement.)
Instead of filing a disclosure document, inventors
are encouraged to file a provisional patent
application.
Mail Stop EBC Mail for the Electronic Business Center including:
Certificate Action Forms, Request for Customer
Numbers, and Requests for Customer Number Data
Change (USPTO Forms PTO-2042, PTO/SB/124A and 125A,
respectively) and Customer Number Upload
Spreadsheets and Cover Letters.
Mail Stop Expedited Only to be used for the initial filing of
Design design applications accompanied by a
request for expedited examination under
37 CFR 1.155.
Mail Stop Express Requests for abandonment of a patent
Abandonment application pursuant to 37 CFR 1.138,
including any petitions under 37 CFR
1.138(c) to expressly abandon an
application to avoid publication of the
application. (Applicants are encouraged to
transmit the requests by facsimile to
703-305-8568.)
Mail Stop ILS Correspondence relating to international patent
classification, exchanges and standards.
Mail Stop Issue Fee All communications following the receipt of a
PTOL-85, "Notice of Allowance and Fee(s)
Due," and prior to the issuance of a patent
should be addressed to Mail Stop Issue Fee,
unless advised to the contrary.
Assignments are the exception. Assignments
(with cover sheets) should be faxed to
571-273-0140, electronically submitted
(http://epas.uspto.gov), or submitted in a
separate envelope and sent to Mail Stop
Assignment Recordation Services,
Director - U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
as shown below.
Mail Stop L&R All documents pertaining to applications subject
to secrecy order pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 181, or
national-security classified and required to be
processed accordingly. Until April 1, 2005, such
papers, petitions for foreign fling license
pursuant to 37 CFR 5.12(b) for which expedited
handling is requested, and petitions for
retroactive license under 37 CFR 5.25 may also
be hand carried to Licensing and Review:
Technology Center 3600, Office of the Director
Room 4B41
501 Dulany Street (Knox building)
Alexandria, VA 22314
Mail Stop Missing Requests for a corrected filing receipt and
Parts replies to OIPE notices such as the Notice
of Omitted Items, Notice to File Corrected
Application Papers, Notice of Incomplete
Application, Notice to Comply with Nucleotide
Sequence Requirements, and Notice to File Missing
Parts of Application, and associated papers and
fees.
Mail Stop MPEP Submissions concerning the Manual of Patent
Examining Procedure.
Mail Stop Patent Ext. Applications for patent term extension and any
communications relating thereto.
Mail Stop PCT Mail related to international applications filed
under the Patent Cooperation Treaty in the
international phase and in the national phase
under 35 U.S.C. 371 prior to mailing of a
Notification of Acceptance of Application Under
35 U.S.C. 371 and 37 CFR 1.495 (Form
PCT/DO/EO/903).
Mail Stop Petition Petitions to be decided by the Office of Petitions
including petitions to revive and petitions to
accept late payment of issue fees or maintenance
fees.
Mail Stop PGPUB Correspondence regarding publication of patent
applications not otherwise provided, including
requests for early publication made after filing,
rescission of non-publication request, corrected
patent application publication, refund of
publication fee.
Mail Stop Post In patented files: requests for changes of
Issue correspondence address, powers of attorney,
revocations of powers of attorney, withdrawal of
attorney and submissions under 37 CFR 1.501.
Designation of, or changes to, a fee address
should be addressed to Mail Stop M Correspondence.
Requests for Certificate of Correction need no
special mail stop, but should be mailed to the
attention of Certificate of Correction Branch.
Mail Stop RCE Requests for continued examination under
37 CFR 1.114.
Mail Stop Correspondence pertaining to the reconstruction
Reconstruction of lost patent files.
Mail Stop Ex Parte Requests for Reexamination for original request
Reexam papers only.
Mail Stop Inter Requests for Inter Partes Reexamination
Partes Reexam for original request papers and for all
subsequent correspondence other than
correspondence to the Office of the
Solicitor (see 37 CFR Secs. 1.1(a)(3) and
1.302(c)).
Mail Stop Reissue All new and continuing reissue application filings.
Mail Stop Sequence Submission of the computer readable form (CRF) for
applications with sequence listings, when the CRF
is not being filed with the patent application.
USPTO資料:
mail stop:
https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/2005/week31/patboxs.htm
Responding to Office Actions
https://www.uspto.gov/patents-maintaining-patent/responding-office-actions
Ron
同一件判決中的功能用語的雙標 - WSOU Investments LLC v. Google LLC (Fed. Cir. Oct. 19, 2023)
結果,因為說明書所描述的"processor"具有廣泛功能,導致法院判定並不夠明確地認定是一個結構用語,也因此判定系爭專利範圍是以手段功能用語撰寫而為35U.S.C.112(f)適用(這是two-step process的step 1)。
接著,step 2,因為processor被判定是手段功能用語,而說明書並沒有對應的結構特徵,也沒有相應特定目的電腦實現功能手段用語的演算法,即判定系爭專利不明確(違反35U.S.C.112(b))。
2023年10月26日 星期四
「戴姆勒(賓士) v. 帝寶」設計專利侵權議題之最高法院判決 - 原審判決有瑕疵
「戴姆勒(賓士) v. 帝寶」侵權訴訟的重要歷程就是三次法院判決,最近一次是112年10月4日:最高法院宣判二審判決廢棄、發回重審。表示,111年智財法院二審的判決「帝寶敗訴」被最高法院駁回。
108年「智慧財產法院106年民專訴字第34號民事判決」:https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/data.aspx?ty=JD&id=IPCV,106%2c%e6%b0%91%e5%b0%88%e8%a8%b4%2c34%2c20190816%2c5
本部落格前次報導:設計專利的侵權實例 - 戴姆勒(賓士) v. 帝寶(https://enpan.blogspot.com/2020/08/v.html)。
原 告:Daimler AG(德商戴姆勒股份有限公司)
被 告:帝寶工業股份有限公司
裁判日期:民國 108 年 08 月 16 日
一審判決:原告行使權利並沒有違反公平交易法、侵權成立、損害賠償3000萬元。
--------------------------
111年智慧財產及商業法院108年度民專上字第43號民事判決文:https://judgment.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/data.aspx?ty=JD&id=IPCV,108%2c%e6%b0%91%e5%b0%88%e4%b8%8a%2c43%2c20220714%2c2
裁判字號:智慧財產及商業法院108年度民專上字第43號民事判決
上訴人:Mercedes-Benz Group AG(德商賓士集團股份有限公司)
被上訴人:帝寶工業股份有限公司
系爭設計:D128047
裁判日期:民國111年07月14日
二審判決:
專利無效議題:
法院判決,依普通消費者選購商品時之觀察與認知,系爭設計與引證案差異特徵會產生不同的視覺印象,兩者外觀實質上並非相同或近似,且系爭專利“非”為其所屬技藝領域中具有通常知識者依引證或引證案之組合之先前技藝可易於思及之創作,系爭設計具創作性,具專利性。
侵權議題:
外觀的相同或近似之判斷:
「普通消費者」以「整體觀察、綜合判斷」之方式,據以比對判斷系爭產品與系爭專利之整體外觀,綜合考量每一設計特徵之異同(共同特徵與差異特徵)對整體視覺印象的影響,重點比對的部分是「系爭專利明顯不同於先前技藝的設計特徵」(即系爭專利之「新穎特徵」)、「正常使用時易見的部位」,再併同其他設計特徵,構成整體外觀統合的視覺印象,而為綜合性之決定。
法院結論是,針對系爭產品一,系爭產品與系爭專利之差異僅係局部的細微差異,其二者之整體外觀已產生混淆之視覺印象;針對系爭產品二,與系爭設計並無不同。
公平交易法議題:
賓士公司並不具有獨占地位,即無成立公平交易法第9條第1款或第4款所列的獨占事業之違法行為之餘地。
因為市占率不高,賓士公司並非公平交易法第20條之「相對市場優勢地位」之事業。
賓士公司拒絕授權帝寶公司實施系爭專利,並非公平交易法第20條第2款之「無正當理由,對他事業給予差別待遇」之行為。
賓士公司行使系爭專利權,係行使權利之正當行為,並無違反公平交易法之規定或者違反民法之誠實信用原則。
罹於消滅時效議題:
尚難證明賓士公司已明確知悉帝寶公司在我國有侵害系爭專利權之行為,自難認定賓士公司在本件起訴前2年之損害賠償請求權已罹於消滅時效。
帝寶公司及謝綉氣應連帶賠償賓士公司1,812萬3,279元。
(針對損害賠償金額,判決文有蠻多細節,計算內容頗為有趣,在此不贅述。)
--------------------------
案件資訊:
裁判字號:最高法院112年度台上字第9號民事判決
上訴人:Mercedes-Benz Group AG(德商賓士集團股份有限公司,原名Daimler AG德商戴姆勒股份有限公司)
上訴人:帝寶工業股份有限公司
系爭設計:D128047
裁判日期:民國112年10月04日
最高法院判決:原判決除假執行部分外廢棄,發回智慧財產及商業法院,內容如下。
系爭設計:
D128047(優先權:96年10月23日,系爭專利之圖說已明確且充分揭露)對應的系爭車燈對應「Mercedes-Benz汽車E系列中W212車型」。
Benz W212車型車燈(eBay):
系爭汽車所適用之DEPO型號「440-1179MLD-EM」、「440-1179MRD-EM」(非美規)、「340-1133L-AS」及「340-1133R-AS」(美規)之車輛頭燈產品。
https://www.trodo.com/headlight-loro-440-1179rmld-em
比較圖之二(來源:106年民專訴字第34號判決書):
最高法院[判決一]:針對被告提起專利無效理由,判決無理由。相關設計外觀比對算蠻精彩的,如與賓士同時取得的另一設計專利D128048比對時考量「雙瞳與單瞳」的視覺效果差異等,有興趣者可以參考判決原文。
法院認為,系爭產品與系爭設計對應的系爭專利物品(W212車型頭燈)用途相同、與系爭設計外觀極為相似,且認為車輛頭燈產品之特性是在正常使用時將頭燈之後半部位嵌設於汽車車殼內,露出前方燈罩部位,屬於該產品「正常使用時易見部位」,易引起普通消費者注意之部位或特徵,而系爭產品與系爭設計專利的差異為產品背面,燈罩形狀有局部細微改變,但不影響整體視覺效果。
[判決二]:系爭產品既與系爭專利產生混淆之整體視覺印象,外觀已構成近似之設計,落入系爭專利之範圍,而侵害系爭專利。
[判決三]:我國汽車銷售主市場競爭激烈,賓士公司之市占率僅6至8%,未達15%,不具獨占地位,非「相對市場優勢地位」之事業,因此沒有擔負授權他人實施之義務,不願將系爭專利授權帝寶公司並無違反公平交易法,如此,判決賓士公司行使系爭專利權,應屬公平交易法第45條所稱依照專利法行使權利之正當行為。
[判決四]:系爭產品侵害賓士公司之系爭專利權,賓士公司依專利法請求帝寶公司為系爭排除、防止侵害行為及賠償損害,自屬正當。
[判決五]:法院判決帝寶故意侵害系爭專利權,酌定按已證明損害額1.5倍之懲罰性賠償金1,812萬3,279元(12,082,186×1.5)為賠償。
[判決六]:難認賓士公司當時已知帝寶公司在我國有侵害系爭專利權之行為,其損害賠償請求權並未罹於2年消滅時效。
最高法院有以上判決,原則上是同意一、二審判決,也有更新相關判決。不過,按法院採為裁判基礎之證據,應使當事人就該證據及其調查之結果為言詞辯論,使得盡其攻擊防禦之能事,倘未踐行此程序,因為原審依照以上證據調查結果做出判決,卻沒有讓雙方進行言詞辯論,認為原審判決有法律上之瑕疵。
最高法院根據筆錄並沒有看到「勘驗過程及結果」,沒有相關記載與照片,也沒有針對這些調查證據結果進行辯論,原審逕以之為判決基礎,判決有法律上之瑕疵。
還有,針對帝寶公司抗辯中提到的雙瞳的視覺效果並非是系爭專利的外觀特徵,而相關辯論卻有這些錯誤訊息,但原審未查明該照片是否為真正,認為原審判決有瑕疵...還有一些議題未定,因此使得相關判決都須廢棄發回。
p.s. 這...最高法院判決,主旨仍是專利有效、侵權成立、原告未違反公平交易法,並且加重被告損害賠償...,但因為判決瑕疵廢棄原審判決。這...看似是要給雙方有辯論的機會,但也使得關注相關議題的產業繼續忐忑不安。
感謝前輩方兄提供資訊:
-許叙銘:賓士若勝訴 汽車原廠恐大舉興訟(https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20231025000155-260202?chdtv)
-Mercedes-Benz Group AG(德商賓士集團股份有限公司)與帝寶工業股份有限公司間侵害專利權有關財產權爭議等民事事件新聞稿(https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-677574-db4fd-1.html)
Ron
2023年10月18日 星期三
一或多部電腦中的"至少一部電腦"執行了所有步驟的侵權議題 - Finjan v. SonicWall (Fed. Cir. 2023)
2023年10月6日 星期五
不符專利適格性的意見可能會影響產業的發展!
2023年10月4日 星期三
2023諾貝爾生醫獎得主:不想申請專利,但...
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/
沒有要"深入/無法深入"報導諾貝爾獎,僅單純因為pts.news(IG帳號)報導今年生醫獎得主Katalin Karikó講的:不想申請專利...,但如果不申請就不會有人去關注這個領域!?!
用發明人「Katalin Karikó」找專利,且因為Kariko女士同時任職Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,也需要找找看歐洲專利。檢索結果顯示這些專利的權利人就是BNT:BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH。以發明人「Katalin Karikó」檢索,Espacenet的檢索結果顯示有13件,早期專利權人是美國賓州大學,後期的就是BNT了!可見BNT眼光精準,也是長期以來耕耘mRNA疫苗的公司。
(按照Espacenet的優先權時間順序)
1. ANALYSIS OF RNA MOLECULES USING CATALYTIC NUCLEIC ACIDS
WO2023138786A1 • 2023-07-27 • BIONTECH SE [DE]
2. RNA CONSTRUCTS AND USES THEREOF
WO2023073190A1 (A9) • 2023-05-04 • BIONTECH SE [DE]
3. LIPID-BASED RNA FORMULATIONS SUITABLE FOR THERAPY
WO2023036960A1 • 2023-03-16 • BIONTECH SE [DE]
4. RNA CONSTRUCTS AND USES THEREOF
US2022249704A1 • 2022-08-11 • BIONTECH SE [DE]
5. 5'-CAP-TRINUCLEOTIDE- OR HIGHER OLIGONUCLEOTIDE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES IN STABILIZING RNA, EXPRESSING PROTEINS AND IN THERAPY
WO2019175356A1 • 2019-09-19 • BIONTECH RNA PHARMACEUTICALS GMBH [DE]
6. METHODS FOR PROVIDING SINGLE-STRANDED RNA
LT3445850T • 2021-11-25 • BIONTECH SE [DE]
7. METHOD FOR REDUCING IMMUNOGENICITY OF RNA
EP3341026A1 (B1) • 2018-07-04 • BIONTECH RNA PHARMACEUTICALS GMBH [DE]
8. COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF STROKE
WO2014160284A1 • 2014-10-02 • UNIV PENNSYLVANIA [US]
9. PURIFICATION AND PURITY ASSESSMENT OF RNA MOLECULES SYNTHESIZED WITH MODIFIED NUCLEOSIDES
US11060107B2 (A1) • 2021-07-13 • UNIV PENNSYLVANIA [US]
10. ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΜΑΤΑ RNA ΠΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΥΝ ΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΜΕΝΟ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΟ RNA ΓΙΑ ΕΠΑΝΑΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΣΜΟ ΚΥΤΤΑΡΩΝ
CY1120237T1 • 2019-07-10 • UNIV PENNSYLVANIA [US]
11. RNA preparations comprising purified modified RNA for reprogramming cells
AU2015215938A1 (B2) • 2015-09-10 • UNIV PENNSYLVANIA
12. RNA CONTAINING MODIFIED NUCLEOSIDES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
SI3611266T1 • 2023-02-28 • UNIV PENNSYLVANIA [US]
13. RNA PREPARATIONS COMPRISING PURIFIED MODIFIED RNA FOR EPROGRAMMING CELLS
US2011143397A1 (B2) • 2011-06-16 • KARIKO KATALIN [US]
ps. 聽說今年諾貝爾獎金有漲,...其實專利授權應該也是很補呀,這才是申請專利的動力(之一)!
Ron