日本專利常用核駁理由：
新穎性 Art 29(1)
進步性 Art 29(2)
說明書/請求項內容 Art 36
[英譯，資料來源：JPO]
專利法第29條第1項
29(1)
Any person who has made an invention which is industrially applicable may obtain a patent therefor, execept in the case of the following inventions:
(i)inventions which were publicy known in Japan prior to the filing of the patent application;
(ii)inventions which were publicy worked in Japan prior to the filing of the patent application;
(iii)inventions which were described in a distributed publication in Japan or elsewhere prior to the filing of the patent application.
與一般認知專利三要件的基本精神是一致的，第29條第1項為「新穎性」的規定，任何具有產業利用性的發明都可予以專利，除非有下列幾種情況：
- (i)該發明在專利申請前已於日本國內被大眾所知；
此為新穎性的規定，文中限制新穎性的規定限於日本國內已知技術 - (ii)該發明在專利申請前已實施於日本國內；
此同樣為新穎性的規定，文中限制新穎性的規定限於日本國內已實施 - (iii)該發明在專利申請前已於日本國內，或其他地區公開散佈。
發明已於日本國內外公開散佈，不能獲得專利
由此規定可知，在申請前已公開的資訊才能用於核駁「新穎性」。並且，審查委員使用的法條也相形重要，29(1)(i)(ii)為日本國內的已公開資訊，如日本專利公開案，如果使用外國引證案，則需引用29(1)(iii)。
專利法第29條第2項
29(2)
Where an invention could easily have been made, prior to the filing of the patent application, by a person which ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains, on the basis of an invention or inventions referred to in any of the paragraphs of Subsection (1), a patent shall not be granted for such an invention notwithstanding Subsection (1).
此為專利進步性的規定，在專利申請前，即使符合29(1)之規定，在該發明領域中，一個具有通常技術者能輕易達成的發明，不能獲准專利由此規定可知，審查委員提出核駁「進步性」的證據一定要是在專利說明書申請之前的文獻或是資料，才能引用核駁「進步性」。而引用核駁進步性的公開資訊，國內外文獻皆可。
專利法第36條用於核駁說明書「不明確」的理由
Article 36(Patent applications)
- (1) A person requesting the grant of a patent shall submit an application to the Commissioner of the Patent Office stating the following:
(i) the name and domicile or residence of the applicant(s) for the patent; and
(ii) the name and domicile or residence of the inventor(s).
這是規定申請書中應有的資訊 - (2) The description, scope of claims, drawings (where required), and abstract shall be attached to the application.
說明書應有內容，包括說明內容、請求項、圖式與摘要 - (3) The description as provided in the preceding paragraph shall state the following:
(i) the title of the invention;
(ii) a brief explanation of the drawing(s); and
(iii) a detailed explanation of the invention.
說明書內容應有發明名稱、圖式簡單說明，與實施方式 - (4) The statement of the detailed explanation of the invention as provided in item (iii) of the preceding Paragraph shall comply with each of the following items:
(i) in accordance with Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the statement shall be clear and sufficient as to enable any person ordinarily skilled in the art to which the invention pertains to work the invention; and
(ii) where the person requesting the grant of a patent has knowledge of any invention(s) (inventions as provided in Article 29(1)(iii), hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) related to the said invention, that has been known to the public through publication at the time of filing of the patent application, the statement shall provide the source of the information concerning the invention(s) known to the public through publication such as the name of the publicationand others.
上述第iii款規定的內容應符合下述規定：
(i)說明書應清楚揭露，讓該發明領域具有通常知識者能具以實施
(ii)說明書應提供其中資訊來源（引用相關技術的文獻），故實際上，日本專利說明書應提供揭露相關先前技術的欄位 - (5) The scope of claims as provided in paragraph (2) shall state a claim or claims and state for each claim all matters necessary to specify the invention for which the applicant requests the grant of a patent. In such case, an invention specified by a statement in one claim may be the same invention specified by a statement in another claim.
本法第2項規定的權利的範圍應揭露該發明應有的技術，各請求項應是描述同一發明（單一性） - (6) The statement of the scope of claims as provided in paragraph (2) shall comply with each of the following items:
(i) the invention for which a patent is sought is stated in the detailed explanation of the invention;
(ii) the invention for which a patent is sought is clear;
(iii) the statement for each claim is concise; and
(iv) the statement is composed in accordance with Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
本法第2項所規定的請求項，應符合以下幾點規定：
(i)請求項的描述應揭露於該發明專利說明書中
(ii)請求項描述應清楚
(iii)每個請求項應簡明
(iv)請求項的描述要符合實施細則的規定 - (7) The abstract as provided in paragraph (2) shall state a summary of the invention disclosed in the description, scope of claims or drawings, and any other matters as provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
專利說明書摘要應總括該發明說明書、權利範圍與圖式的內容
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